口蹄疫病毒株China／99L区段核苷酸序列测定及比较分析

以口蹄疫病毒株China/ 99RNA为模板 ,反转录并扩增目的cDNA ,然后与 pGEM TEasy载体连接并转化JM10 9菌株 ,提取的重组质粒用电泳、PCRampos和EcoR1酶切法鉴定。该毒株与A10、O1K、O1Campos和TW 45毒株的核苷酸序列差异率分别为 15 .2 7%、15 .5 6 %、15 .5 6 %和 15 .49% ;氨基酸序列差异率分别为 8.2 9%、8.76 %、9.2 2 %和 10 .14%。五个毒株的L/P1连接处均为苷氨酸 (Gly) /异亮氨酸 (Ile)。序列比较表明 ,T C、A G和A C转换率较高 ,是点突变的热点核苷酸 ,是影响氨基酸稳定的因素之一。第 43 5 3、95 10 5、10 8 111、146 15 3、16 1 173、183 188和 182 187区域极有可能是L蛋白酶的活性中心 ,第 48位的H、5 1的C、6 5位的E、95位的H、10 9位的H、138位的H、148位的H和 16 5位的E可能是L蛋白酶的活性位点 ,它们在维持蛋白质的空间构像和功能方面具有重要作用     

龙眼胚性愈伤组织DlGRAS4与DlGRAS54基因的克隆及表达分析

以龙眼松散型胚性愈伤组织为实验材料,采用RT-PCR结合RACE法,克隆了植物特异转录调控因子DlGRAS4和DlGRAS54的cDNA全长序列和DNA序列,并进行生物信息学以及表达分析。结果表明:DlGRAS4全长1 668bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1 296bp,编码431个氨基酸(GenBank登录号:KC127683);DlGRAS54全长2 113bp,ORF 1 659bp,编码552个氨基酸(GenBank登录号:KC127684);DlGRAS54的DNA序列在5′-UTR含有1个1 533bp的内含子。生物信息学分析表明:DlGRAS4和GRAS54是不稳定亲水蛋白,不含信号肽,具有跨膜结构和GRAS家族的保守结构域,亚细胞定位于细胞膜中;与毛果杨、葡萄、蓖麻和可可等具有较高的同源性。系统进化树分析显示,DlGRAS54与拟南芥AtPAT1、葡萄VvPAT1、毛果杨PtPAT1、大豆GmPAT1处于同一分枝;DlGRAS4与拟南芥AtSCL23、玉米ZmSCL23处于同一分枝。推测DlGRAS4和DlGRAS54是GRAS基因家族的成员。qPCR结果表明,DlGRAS4在整个发育阶段转录水平呈"W"型变化趋势,在球形胚和子叶形胚阶段的表达量达最大值;DlGRAS54在整个发育阶段的转录水平呈"M"型变化趋势,在球形胚和鱼雷形胚阶段表达量达最大值,表明DlGRAS4和DlGRAS54主要在发育的中晚期起作用。外源赤霉素处理后DlGRAS4和DlGRAS54的表达量明显上调,说明DlGRAS4和DlGRAS54对赤霉素处理能做出积极的反应。     

Comparing function and structure between entire proteomes

More than 30 organisms have been sequenced entirely. Here, we applied a variety of simple bioinformatics tools to analyze 29 proteomes for representatives from all three kingdoms: eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaebacteria. We confirmed that eukaryotes have relatively more long proteins than prokaryotes and archaes, and that the overall amino acid composition is similar among the three. We predicted that approximately 15%-30% of all proteins contained transmembrane helices. We could not find a correlation between the content of membrane proteins and the complexity of the organism. In particular, we did not find significantly higher percentages of helical membrane proteins in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes or archae. However, we found more proteins with seven transmembrane helices in eukaryotes and more with six and 12 transmembrane helices in prokaryotes. We found twice as many coiled-coil proteins in eukaryotes (10%) as in prokaryotes and archaes (4%-5%), and we predicted approximately 15%-25% of all proteins to be secreted by most eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Every tenth protein had no known homolog in current databases, and 30%-40% of the proteins fell into structural families with >100 members. A classification by cellular function verified that eukaryotes have a higher proportion of proteins for communication with the environment. Finally, we found at least one homolog of experimentally known structure for approximately 20%-45% of all proteins; the regions with structural homology covered 20%-30% of all residues. These numbers may or may not suggest that there are 1200-2600 folds in the universe of protein structures. All predictions are available at http://cubic.bioc.columbia.edu/genomes.     

Statistical considerations for in vitro research: II — Data to presentation

Summary The paper is the second of two papers about statistical considerations that researchers should make while doing in vitro plant biology research. The first paper focused on aspects from developing a plan to do research through the collection of data. This paper continues with information about editing data, handling outliers, analyzing quantitative and qualitative data, comparing treatment means, preparing graphs and tables, and presenting results.     

人重组磷脂酶D_2变构体cDNA和蛋白质序列分析

采用VectorNTI、DNATools等计算机分析软件及信息库,研究人重组磷脂酶D2(rhPLD2)变构体的生物学特征。rhPLD2具有多种基因结构和功能调控元件,其编码的蛋白质具有发挥功能所必需的活性保守基序和一定的空间结构,表明rhPLD2应是一种具有一定生物学功能的异质性蛋白质。     

Cuticle Characteristics of Sublepidodendron cf. xinjiangense Sun

The epidermal cuticle characteristics of Sublepidodendron cf. xinjiangense Sun in Wutong formation of late Devonian from Yixing city of Jiangsu province were studied using the technique of fluorescence analysis. The stem cuticle extended over the leaf cushions and its interval zones, when the cuticle thickness was more than at the leaf cushions. The shape of the epidermal cells in the interval zones differed from that in the leaf cushions; in which the epidermal cells of the central parts of the interval zones appeared in the elongated polygons, with coincided cell stretch direction as the stem growth, and with slightly curve cell walls. The shape of cells in the interval zones near the leaf cushions was similar to that in the former but only one half in size. with straight cell walls. Here the cells extended gradually with a deflection toward the margin of the leaf cushions. The cushion cellsware equilaterl polygons with visible cell interspaces. No stoma was discovered in the epidermis of this species.     

50 Hz滤波电路对心肌细胞动作电位波形记录和波形分析的影响

目的 :研究微电极放大器中的 5 0Hz滤波电路对心肌细胞动作电位波形及各项参数的影响。方法 :将心肌细胞动作电位经玻璃微电极、微电极放大器、微分器、A/D转换器输入微型计算机。在使用和不使用微电极放大器中5 0Hz滤波功能两种情况下 ,对心肌细胞动作电位波形进行比较分析 ,并用快速傅立叶变换进行频谱分析。结果 :使用微电极放大器中 5 0Hz滤波功能情况下 ,动作电位波形在 0期严重失真 ,上升时间延长 ,最大上升速度减小 ,其它参数无显著变化。结论 :心肌细胞动作电位波形中含有较大 5 0Hz信号成分 ,在研究心肌细胞动作电位信号时 ,不能使用 5 0Hz滤波器。如果使用 5 0Hz滤波器 ,会造成动作电位波形严重失真 ,影响实验结果     

Evaluating Peptide Mass Fingerprinting-based Protein Identification

Identification of proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential step in pro- teomic studies and is typically accomplished by either peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) or amino acid sequencing of the peptide. Although sequence information from MS/MS analysis can be used to validate PMF-based protein identification, it may not be practical when analyzing a large number of proteins and when high- throughput MS/MS instrumentation is not readily available. At present, a vast majority of proteomic studies employ PMF. However, there are huge disparities in criteria used to identify proteins using PMF. Therefore, to reduce incorrect protein identification using PMF, and also to increase confidence in PMF-based protein identification without accompanying MS/MS analysis, definitive guiding principles are essential. To this end, we propose a value-based scoring system that provides guidance on evaluating when PMF-based protein identification can be deemed sufficient without accompanying amino acid sequence data from MS/MS analysis.     

基于图像分析技术的红细胞膜力学特性多参数动态测定的研究

探索以图像分析技术,在无扰、在位、实时的情况下,对单个活态红细胞的多个力学参量：弯曲模量KC、剪切模量μ及切向与弯曲模量之比ε等进行非侵入性连续动态测定的新方法。以该技术对红细胞在不同外部条件（温度、氧分压、渗透压）下的力学参量进行动态监测,不但揭示出有关变量条件对细胞各个力学参量的影响。还证明了本技术适于对细胞的各种生理和病理过程进行连续监测。     

代谢工程的发展及其应用

本首先论述了代谢工程的代谢网络理论、代谢分析、节点分析和中心代谢物作用机理等代谢工程理论基础。然后,分析了代谢工程的各种具体设计思路,并以实际例子作了详细说明。另外还对代谢工程的新兴研究方向－逆代谢工程进行了简单说明。