脑脊液分流术治疗64例脑肿瘤临床效果分析

目的:通过观察脑脊液分流术在64例脑肿瘤患者中的临床应用效果,探讨其临床应用的价值。方法:收集2009年1月-2010年3月我院64例脑肿瘤患者病例资料,其临床诊断均有颅内高压,对照组32例患者给予常规手术进行肿瘤切除;观察组在对照组的基础上给予脑脊液分流术,比较两组治疗效果。结果:治疗后两组颅内压均降低,观察组降低更为明显(P0.05)。对照组完全缓解率为15.6%,部分缓解率为21.8%,病程稳定率为31.3%,病程进展率为31.3%。观察组分别为28.1%、31.3%、25%和15.6%。观察组完全缓解率和部分缓解率明显高于对照组(P0.05.),病程进展率对照组明显高于观察组(P0.05)。对照组术后两年内复发5例,生存超过三年的17例,生存超过五年的12例。观察组术后两年内复发的2例,生存超过三年的20例,生存超过5年的15例。和对照组比较,观察组术后病情复发率更低,生存指数更高,比较有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:脑脊液分流术在伴颅内高压或脑积水的脑肿瘤手术中的使用效果显著,后期的手术成功率和患者生存率提高,临床上可予以更为深入的探索。     

关爱解剖学教师生命，远离肿瘤

解剖学是重要的基础医学学科之一。由于解剖学教师常年接触福尔马林,长期在弥散有甲醛的环境中工作,这类人群恶性肿瘤发病率明显高于正常人群。关爱这一特殊战线上默默奉献的的生命,让他们远离肿瘤是我们需要重视的问题。     

Interaction of Notch signaling modulator Numb with α-Adaptin regulates endocytosis of Notch pathway components and cell fate determination of neural stem cells

The ability to balance self-renewal and differentiation is a hallmark of stem cells. In Drosophila neural stem cells (NSCs), Numb/Notch (N) signaling plays a key role in this process. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Numb function in a stem cell setting remain poorly defined. Here we show that α-Adaptin (α-Ada), a subunit of the endocytic AP-2 complex, interacts with Numb through a new mode of interaction to regulate NSC homeostasis. In α-ada mutants, N pathway component Sanpodo and the N receptor itself exhibited altered trafficking, and N signaling was up-regulated in the intermediate progenitors of type II NSC lineages, leading to their transformation into ectopic NSCs. Surprisingly, although the Ear domain of α-Ada interacts with the C terminus of Numb and is important for α-Ada function in the sensory organ precursor lineage, it was dispensable in the NSCs. Instead, α-Ada could regulate Sanpodo, N trafficking, and NSC homeostasis by interacting with Numb through new domains in both proteins previously not known to mediate their interaction. This interaction could be bypassed when α-Ada was directly fused to the phospho-tyrosine binding domain of Numb. Our results identify a critical role for the AP-2-mediated endocytosis in regulating NSC behavior and reveal a new mechanism by which Numb regulates NSC behavior through N. These findings are likely to have important implications for cancer biology.     

不明原因发热的临床综合诊断

不明原因发热是临床常见疑难疾病,其定义随着疾病种类的不断变化及诊断流程的进步而逐步完善。不明原因发热(feverof unknown origin,FUO)病因包括感染性疾病、风湿免疫性疾病及肿瘤性疾病三大类,三大病因各自具有不同临床特征。详细病史采集、全面体格检查及常规实验室检查对诊断FUO至关重要,必要时应及时进行相关影像学及病理学检查,疾病的最终诊断应综合分析病史及实验室检查。     

A Protocol for Genetic Induction and Visualization of Benign and Invasive Tumors in Cephalic Complexes of Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila has illuminated our understanding of the genetic basis of normal development and disease for the past several decades and today it continues to contribute immensely to our understanding of complex diseases ^1-7. Progression of tumors from a benign to a metastatic state is a complex event ⁸ and has been modeled in Drosophila to help us better understand the genetic basis of this disease ⁹. Here I present a simple protocol to genetically induce, observe and then analyze the progression of tumors in Drosophila larvae. The tumor induction technique is based on the MARCM system ¹⁰ and exploits the cooperation between an activated oncogene, Ras^V12 and loss of cell polarity genes (scribbled, discs large and lethal giant larvae) to generate invasive tumors ⁹. I demonstrate how these tumors can be visualized in the intact larvae and then how these can be dissected out for further analysis. The simplified protocol presented here should make it possible for this technique to be utilized by investigators interested in understanding the role of a gene in tumor invasion.     

Micro-CT of rodents: State-of-the-art and future perspectives

Micron-scale computed tomography (micro-CT) is an essential tool for phenotyping and for elucidating diseases and their therapies. This work is focused on preclinical micro-CT imaging, reviewing relevant principles, technologies, and applications. Commonly, micro-CT provides high-resolution anatomic information, either on its own or in conjunction with lower-resolution functional imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). More recently, however, advanced applications of micro-CT produce functional information by translating clinical applications to model systems (e.g. measuring cardiac functional metrics) and by pioneering new ones (e.g. measuring tumor vascular permeability with nanoparticle contrast agents). The primary limitations of micro-CT imaging are the associated radiation dose and relatively poor soft tissue contrast. We review several image reconstruction strategies based on iterative, statistical, and gradient sparsity regularization, demonstrating that high image quality is achievable with low radiation dose given ever more powerful computational resources. We also review two contrast mechanisms under intense development. The first is spectral contrast for quantitative material discrimination in combination with passive or actively targeted nanoparticle contrast agents. The second is phase contrast which measures refraction in biological tissues for improved contrast and potentially reduced radiation dose relative to standard absorption imaging. These technological advancements promise to develop micro-CT into a commonplace, functional and even molecular imaging modality.     

隧道法内镜下粘膜下剥离术治疗食道粘膜下肿瘤的临床价值

摘要 目的：探讨隧道法内镜下粘膜下剥离术治疗食道粘膜下肿瘤的临床价值。方法：2014年2月至2017年9月选择在本院诊治的食道粘膜下肿瘤患者172例，根据手术方法的不同分为观察组100例与对照组72例。观察组给予隧道法内镜下粘膜下剥离术，对照组给予内镜粘膜下剥离术治疗，记录与随访两组的预后情况。结果：两组手术时间对比无差异(P>0.05)，观察组的术中出血量、术后禁食天数与术后住院时间显著少于（短于）对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后3 d的并发症发生率为3.0 %，显著低于对照组的15.3 %(P<0.05)。观察组术后1 d与术后14 d的血清IL-2、sIL-2R含量都显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。随访2年，观察组的1年与2年复发率分别为2.0 %和6.0 %，显著低于对照组的8.3 %和15.3 %(P<0.05)。结论：隧道法内镜下粘膜下剥离术治疗食道粘膜下肿瘤能减少创伤，减少并发症的发生，降低复发率，并促进患者免疫功能的恢复。