Successful embryo transfer in Tianzhu white yak using standard protocol

The present study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of superovulation, oestrus synchroni-zation, and embryo recovery in Tianzhu white yaks and also to confirm the pregnancy rate of black yaks, to which embryos collected from white yaks were transplanted. Forty-seven yaks were selected from different experiment groups, including 10 Tianzhu white female yaks (donor, group A) and 37 black female yaks (recipient, groups B and C). Superovulation of the donor was induced by the application procedure of CIDR-B FSH PG. Oestrus synchronization of recipients was induced using two meth-ods: group B was given the same treatment as group A, except that the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injection was not administered, whereas group C was injected with cloprostenol only once when corpus luteum (corpora lutea) was (were) palpated. The results showed that the oestrous rates in group A were higher (80%) than those in group B (60%) and group C (44.5%). As for the efficiency of su-perovulation, it was indicated that the mean numbers (±SD) of total corpora lutea, follicles, viable (transferable), and degenerated embryos were 4.75 ± 2.19, 1.13 ± 0.83, 2.50 ± 1.31, and 1.38 ± 0.92, re-spectively. The mean embryo recovery rates were 55.6%. All together, 18 viable embryos of Tianzhu white yak were obtained and 12 of them were transplanted to 10 recipients. The pregnancy rate was 50% and the delivery rate was 40%.     

12种有毒植物的化感效应比较研究

以油菜、燕麦、反枝苋和狗尾草为受体,采用室内生物测定法和盆栽法,研究了甘肃天祝天然草地12种有毒植物的化感作用.结果表明:离体条件下,黄花棘豆、臭蒿、节烈角茴香和露蕊乌头植株水浸液对4种受体植物化感作用较强,其综合化感效应值(M)分别为-0.781 5、-0.685 9、-0.667 0和-0.643 2;其次是密花香薷、醉马草、美丽凤毛菊、甘肃马先蒿、迷果芹和异叶青兰,其M值均低于-0.4;对受体植物化感作用较弱的是乳白香青(M值为-0.343 9)和铁棒锤(M值为-0.262 5).黄花棘豆植株对盆栽的油菜、燕麦、反枝苋和狗尾草幼苗生长有较强的抑制作用,综合化感效应M值分别为-0.529 6、-0.356 2、-0.520 1和-0.588 4.可见黄花棘豆表现出较强的化感作用,具有一定的开发利用价值.     

天祝夏玛林区蝶类区系研究

2008-2010年每年7-9月,在天祝夏玛林区按照不同海拔高度及不同植被类型的自然环境,对蝶类进行了系统的采集,共获得蝶类标本2000号,经整理、鉴定出71种蝶类,隶属于8科50属。其中粉蝶科9属20种,占总种数的28.2%,为优势类群;蛱蝶科15属15种,眼蝶科13属14种,分别占总种数的21.1%和19.7%,为次优势类群;绢蝶科(1属9种)和灰蝶科(8属8种)为常见类群;弄蝶科(2属2种)、凤蝶科(1属2种)和蚬蝶科(1属1种)为罕见类群。区系成分分析结果是,属于古北界的种类有51种,占总种数的71.8%;属于东洋界与古北界兼有种类有14种,占总种数的19.7%;广布种6种,占总种数的8.5%;完全属于东洋界的种类无分布。结果表明,该地区分布的蝶类区系成分以古北界的种类为主。     

天祝白牦牛与黄牛NGB蛋白三级结构比较分析

通过比较天祝白牦牛(Bos grunniens)与黄牛(Bos taurus)NGB蛋白三级结构,分析天祝白牦牛NGB蛋白氨基酸位点突变对其三级结构的影响。利用生物信息学在线分析网站及软件对天祝白牦牛和黄牛NGB蛋白的同源性、系统发育进化、三级结构进行比较分析。结果显示,天祝白牦牛NGB蛋白进化趋于保守,83号位点为未知突变,97号位点为保守替换;83号位点突变使得NGB蛋白Ser突变为Pro,主要为R侧链由醇羟基突变为四碳环,侧链结构发生改变,使得83号位点由α-螺旋突变为无规卷曲,突变位于E、F链之间,使得E、F链之间的距离由11.79?变为8.21?,致使与卟啉环中心铁原子相连远端His 64距离由2.17?变为2.10?;97号位点突变使得NGB蛋白Arg突变为Gln,主要为R侧链由氮原子突变为氧原子,且与碳原子通过双键连接,侧链结构未发生改变,使得97号位点突变后仍为α-螺旋,突变基团指向亲水相,羧基端与近端His 96位点相连,致使His 96与卟啉环中心铁原子距离由1.98?变为2.00?。经比较天祝白牦牛两处突变未发生在NGB蛋白核心功能区,对NGB蛋白功能未产生影响;突变造成R侧链基团发生改变,可能对NGB蛋白稳定性、柔韧性及溶解度造成一定影响;核心His 64、His 96与卟啉环中心铁原子距离发生改变,说明突变极有可能会对血红素外源配体结合造成一定影响。     

高寒山地生态脆弱区聚落空间格局特征及成因识别——以天祝藏族自治县为例

自然环境复杂多样是山区聚落空间差异性和异质性的主要原因，对聚落空间治理及可持续发展具有深刻影响。采用天祝县2018年土地变更调查数据，利用空间"热点"探测、最小累积阻力值模型（MCR）和二元Logistic回归等方法，对聚落空间分布格局及其形成因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）聚落分布整体表现为集聚型，空间上呈现出"东南高、西北低"的格局。（2）核密度估计值东南高、西北低，形成"东南密集型"和"西北稀疏型"2个典型分布区，呈现出"核心-边缘"结构；同时，聚落规模空间"热点"探测显示，聚落形态具有显著的空间差异性，华藏寺镇表现为高密度大斑块，其他乡镇表现为中低密度小斑块。（3）聚落斑块平均密度对分组分析结果作用显著，聚落类型由中低密度斑块主导，受高寒气候区分布范围较广的影响，高寒区稀疏型聚落覆盖范围较大。（4）通过聚落空间格局影响因素统计分析和Logistic回归分析，定量识别出：地形条件、土地资源配置和降水条件对聚落分布疏密程度作用最显著，交通禀赋和交通可达性对县域聚落格局优化具有重要作用。     

安徽天柱山夏末开花植物的花粉形态

通过光镜和扫描电镜对天柱山夏末开花的23科、39属、37种3变种的植物花粉形态进行了观察研究.从形状看,一些科内花粉形状具有一致性,如菊科[Asteraceae Dumortier (Compositae Giseke,nom.altern.)]6个种都是球形或近球形(P/E=0.95-1.03);豆科(Legumin...     

天祝县生态经济系统的能值分析

能值理论为生态经济系统结构和功能的研究提供了一种新的理论和分析方法。本文对甘肃省天祝县生态经济系统进行了能值分析,通过计算天祝县总的能值用量、能值货币比率、能值自给率、人均能值用量、能值密度等指标,定量描述了天祝县生态经济格局和发展状况的总体特征,并与其他国家和地区进行了比较。结果表明:天祝县2008年总的能值用量为2.38×1021sej,人均能值用量只有1.03×1015sej,远远低于其他国家或地区;能值自给率达88.87%,而能值货币比率为3.41×1013sej.$-1,二者均高于国内沿海经济发达的省份。说明天祝县的经济发展是建立在本地资源过度依赖和高强度的利用基础之上,生态经济系统是一封闭的、不具活力的、不可持续的系统。据此提出了一系列促进区域可持续发展措施和建议。     

Successful embryo transfer in Tianzhu white yak using standard protocol

The present study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of superovulation, oestrus synchronization, and embryo recovery in Tianzhu white yaks and also to confirm the pregnancy rate of black yaks, to which embryos collected from white yaks were transplanted. Forty-seven yaks were selected from different experiment groups, including 10 Tianzhu white female yaks (donor, group A) and 37 black female yaks (recipient, groups B and C). Superovulation of the donor was induced by the application procedure of CIDR-B + FSH + PG. Oestrus synchronization of recipients was induced using two methods: group B was given the same treatment as group A, except that the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injection was not administered, whereas group C was injected with cloprostenol only once when corpus luteum (corpora lutea) was (were) palpated. The results showed that the oestrous rates in group A were higher (80%) than those in group B (60%) and group C (44.5%). As for the efficiency of superovulation, it was indicated that the mean numbers (±SD) of total corpora lutea, follicles, viable (transferable), and degenerated embryos were 4.75 ± 2.19, 1.13 ± 0.83, 2.50 ± 1.31, and 1.38 ± 0.92, respectively. The mean embryo recovery rates were 55.6%. All together, 18 viable embryos of Tianzhu white yak were obtained and 12 of them were transplanted to 10 recipients. The pregnancy rate was 50% and the delivery rate was 40%.     

天祝高寒草地植被、土壤及土壤微生物时间动态的比较

对天祝高寒草地21a前（1982年）、后（2003年）植被状况、土壤理化性质、土壤三大类微生物（细菌、放线菌和真菌）和各生理群微生物（硝化细菌、好气性固氮菌和好气性纤维素分解菌）及不同退化程度（围栏内、围栏外和鼠丘地）草地土壤微生物数量变化特点进行了对比研究。结果表明：（1）与1982年相比,目前该区天然草地植被总盖度、主要优良牧草种类、产草量等显著下降,草地植被退化明显;（2）草地土壤pH升高,土壤含水量、有机质、氮、磷含量均下降,草地土壤理化性质劣于1982年;（3）目前该区天然草地土壤三大类微生物数量及各生理群微生物数量变化十分明显,1982年土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌及微生物总数分别是2003年的153．6、5．5、4．1倍和151．2倍;土壤硝化细菌、好气性固氮菌和好气性纤维素分解菌数量分别是2003年的5．7、43．3倍和94．4倍;（4）轻度退化草地（围栏内）土壤各类微生物数量明显高于严重退化草地（围栏外、鼠丘地）,其数量前者一般为后者的1．5—4．5倍。