Relazione Intorno Al Bilnncio Consuotivo delta Società Botmicn Itnlinna per l'nnno 1929

A study of the bryophyte flora of the gypsum outcrops in six sites of the Nature 2000 Network of the Emilia-Romagna Region was conducted in order to contribute to the conservation of the biodiversity of these sites. Subsequently, the main ecological and chorological aspects of the areas were analyzed, and with this information a series of target species was identified as indicators of the conditions of naturality or of progressive anthropization and deterioration of the areas.     

Rainfall and parasitic wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) activity in successional forest stages at Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama, and La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica

1 In 1997, we ran two Malaise insect traps in each of four stands of wet forest in Costa Rica (two old‐growth and two 20‐year‐old stands) and four stands of moist forest in Panama (old‐growth, 20, 40 and 120‐year‐old stands). 2 Wet forest traps caught 2.32 times as many ichneumonoids as moist forest traps. The average catch per old‐growth trap was 1.89 times greater than the average catch per second‐growth trap. 3 Parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae were caught in higher proportions in the wet forest, while pupal parasitoids were relatively more active in the moist forest. 4 We hypothesize that moisture availability is of key importance in determining parasitoid activity, community composition and trophic interactions.     

The impact investigation and adaptation strategy analysis of climate change on nature reserve in China

Nature reserve has been served as the important pathway for biodiversity conservation and carbon storage. Global climate change is an indisputable fact and impacted the biodiversity and nature reserve. How nature reserves adapt to climate change has drawn more and more concerns. This research conducted questionnaires of 68 national nature reserves from 24 provincial regions, and the questionnaires showed that all surveyed nature reserves experienced climate change, and 68.57%, 61.43% and 68.57% of nature reserves, respectively, considered warming temperature, precipitation change, and occurrence of extreme climate events as new threats to them. These new factors directly threat the distribution range and survival of endangered species, change of ecosystem function, enhance of pest and disease damages, and directed damage the infrastructures. However, most of the surveyed nature reserves did not consider the systematic monitoring the facts of climate change, and lack actions and strategies of initiative adaptation to climate change. At last, we proposed the strategies for nature reserves to adapt to climate change, including enhancing the monitoring on the impact of climate change, making scientific planning and designing for development of nature reserves, decreasing the pressure through sustainable development, and enhancing the scientific research and the investment to improve the ability of nature reserves to adapt to climate change.     

福建梅花山自然保护区蕨类植物区系研究

通过野外调查和资料整理,统计分析梅花山自然保护区蕨类植物区系组成和分布区类型,比较其与周边相邻4个自然保护区的蕨类植物区系的相似性。结果表明:(1)梅花山自然保护区共有蕨类植物42科83属189种,科、属组成优势现象明显,区系起源古老。(2)分布区类型在科、属级水平上以泛热带分布和世界分布为主,种级水平以热带亚洲分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布为主,热带亲缘明显,具有由热带向温带过渡的性质。(3)在地理亲缘关系上,梅花山与梁野山的蕨类植物区系联系最为紧密,与圭龙山的关系次之,与热带区系性质较强的南靖南亚热带雨林自然保护区和典型的中亚热带性质的武夷山自然保护区的种子植物区系联系较为疏远,具有从南亚热带向中亚热带过渡的明显特点。     

贡嘎山国家级自然保护区兔狲的活动节律与适宜栖息地预测

2016年6月-2017年5月,采用红外相机陷阱法研究了四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区兔狲Otocolobus manul的活动节律,以样线法和红外相机调查得到的兔狲分布点为数据源,采用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型预测了兔狲的适宜栖息地分布。结果显示:(1)兔狲分布在海拔3 780~4 956 m的灌丛、草甸和流石滩生境,其中87.2%的分布点位于海拔4 500 m以上;(2)日活动差异指数为0.071 2,昼行性指数为0.34,兔狲的活动高峰为05∶00-07∶00和20∶00-22∶00;(3)增强型植被指数2年最大值均值、海拔、平均日较差和气温年较差是影响兔狲栖息地选择的主要环境因子,兔狲偏好在海拔4 000 m以上、温差较大的高山流石滩生境活动,保护区兔狲的适宜栖息地面积为187 km^2,占保护区总面积的4.56%。本研究充实了兔狲的生物学、生态学资料,也为该物种的保护管理提供了参考资料。     

江西庐山国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危植物优先保护定量研究

为制定江西庐山国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危植物的保护策略,采用濒危系数、遗传系数及物种价值系数等评价指标对58种珍稀植物的濒危程度和优先保护顺序进行评估。结果表明,自然保护区珍稀植物的综合评价值(VS)为0.153～0.742,濒危等级为安全的11种,占该区珍稀保护植物总数的19%;稀有的28种(48%);渐危的18种(31%);濒危的1种(2%)。优先保护顺序为Ⅰ级的8种,占该区珍稀保护植物总数的14%,急需保护;Ⅱ级的22种(38%),需要保护;Ⅲ级的23种(40%),可以一般保护;IV级的5种(8%),较为安全。生境破坏和人为干扰是该区珍稀植物保护面临的主要威胁。     

贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性红外相机初步监测

红外相机监测是了解野生动物多样性和威胁因素的重要手段。本研究采用网格法和分层抽样调查法, 在贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区内选取20个监测位点布设红外相机, 对区内鸟兽物种多样性进行监测。2015年8月至2017年8月, 红外相机累计工作6,370个工作日, 共拍摄45,953张照片, 独立有效照片1,936张。准确鉴定出兽类4目8科19种, 鸟类4目11科28种, 其中, 国家II级重点保护野生动物7种。相对丰富度指数(RAI)排前五位的兽类依次是毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、鼬獾(Melogale moschata)、藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)和野猪(Sus scrofa); 鸟类依次是紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)、灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracicus)、黑喉噪鹛(Garrulax chinensis)和棕颈钩嘴鹛(Pomatorhinus ruficollis)。物种积累曲线结果表明, 兽类稀疏化曲线在300天后趋于稳定, 表明监测取样已较充分, 而鸟类监测物种数随时间积累依旧保持增长趋势。     

应用红外相机数据研究动物活动节律——以广东车八岭保护区鸡形目鸟类为例

动物活动节律和时间生态位分化是动物行为在时间维度的分布, 是对时间资源利用的重要体现。动物活动节律受到环境因素和种间作用的影响, 因此, 了解动物活动节律以及时间生态位有助于揭示群落中同域分布物种时间资源利用的差异及共存机制。近10多年来, 红外相机技术在国内外野生动物监测研究中得到广泛应用, 积累了大量有时间记录的动物行为数据, 极大地促进了动物活动节律和时间生态位分化的深入研究。本文对动物活动节律研究以及应用红外相机数据研究动物活动节律的方法进行梳理, 采用核密度估计方法, 利用广东车八岭国家级自然保护区的红外相机监测数据, 分析了鸡形目鸟类的活动节律, 以阐述单物种和多物种的活动节律以及种间作用对动物日活动节律的影响。研究结果表明车八岭保护区白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、白眉山鹧鸪(Arborophila gingica)和灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracica)等3个鸡形目物种之间存在不同程度的竞争, 物种间的日活动节律呈现中等程度的重叠。最后, 针对动物活动节律分析方法应用的建议及影响因素进行讨论, 希望为国内动物活动节律研究提供参考。     

贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区鸟兽红外相机监测

红外相机监测是了解野生动物多样性现状、动态变化和面临威胁的重要手段。本研究采用网格抽样调查法, 在贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区内选取2个监测样区共40个监测位点布设红外相机, 对区内兽类和鸟类物种进行监测调查。2017年4月至2018年12月间, 红外相机累积监测14,808个相机工作日, 共收集有效照片14,119张, 独立有效物种照片3,199张。共鉴定野生动物9目22科61种, 其中兽类26种, 隶属于4目12科; 鸟类35种, 隶属于5目10科。记录到国家I级重点保护野生动物2种: 黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus brelichi)和白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti), 国家II级重点保护野生动物9种; 被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)的1种、易危(VU)的5种、近危(NT)的8种。物种的相对多度指数(relative abundance index, RAI)分析结果显示, 藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana, RAI = 28.23)、毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus, RAI = 15.46)、野猪(Sus scrofa, RAI = 11.82)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi, RAI = 9.05)、黔金丝猴(RAI = 7.70)为相对多度最高的5种兽类; 紫啸鸫(Myophonus insularis, RAI = 10.33)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii, RAI = 9.59)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus, RAI = 6.96)、白颈长尾雉(RAI = 3.71)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha, RAI = 1.55)为相对多度最高的5种鸟类。另外, 红外相机还监测到较多的家畜活动(RAI = 11.14)和人为活动(RAI = 12.90), 保护区管理部门仍需采取相应管理措施, 进一步提高周边居民的保护意识, 促进保护区与社区的协调发展。