鱼类染色体G—显带的Brd U—BSG方法及白鲢G—带模式图的初步建立

本文报道了一种显示鱼类染色体G-带的BrdU-BsG方法。采用肾细胞短期培养,收获前12小时加入BrdU,使终浓度为10μg/ml。制片经HCl、Ba(OH)_2处理,4×SSC温育。Giemsa染色,显示出白鲢的G-带。其带纹细致清晰,一个细胞的单倍染色体上显示带纹达200条以上,是目前已报道的鱼类多重带中带纹最多的,且反差明显,带纹有特征性,结果较稳定。根据实验结果初步建立了白鲢的G-带模式图。     

关于植物核型分析的标准化问题

近年,我国的植物染色体研究工作,进展较快,并取得了显著的成绩。但在研究工作中仍存在一个迫切需要解决的问题,即核型分析的标准化问题。由于国际上尚无植物核型分析的共同标准,因此,有关染色体的统计、测量、命名、图表格式等等,各人所采用的方法和标准也不尽相同。这种状况,对核型资料的比较分析以及对研究结果的评价,都带来不便。有鉴于此,1984年8月在辽宁兴城召开的第一届全国植物染色体学术讨论会上,李懋学和陈瑞阳联名作了“关于植物核型分析的标准化问题”的报告,经过     

Karyotype Analysis of Hippophae L. in China

The present paper reports karyotypes in 4 species and 5 subspecies of Hippophae L. in China. It is found that all of the species and subspecies are diploid, with 2n=24, their complements are made of m and sm chromosomes and of them only H. thibetana has a pair of satellites. All of these karyotypes are symmetrical and primitive. It can be simplied as follows: Hippophae neurocarpa 2n = 2x = 24 = 18m+6sm, H. thibetana 2n = 2x = 24 = 14m (2sat)+ 8sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. gyantsensis 2n=2x=24= 18m+ 6sm, H. salicifolia 2n = 2x = 24 = 10m + 14sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. sinensis 2n=2x= 24 = 18m + 6sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. turkestanica 2n = 2x = 24 = 20m + 4sm; Hi. rhamnoides L. ssp. yunnanensis 2n = 2x = 24 = 14 + 10sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. mongolica 2n = 2x = 24 = 16m + 8sm.     

宽耳犬吻蝠(TADARIDA TENIOTIS INSIGNIS)和普氏蹄蝠(HIPPOSIDEROS PRATTI)染色体组型分析

本文分析了宽耳犬吻蝠(Tadarida teniotis insignis Blyth)和普氏蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti Thomas)的常规核型,现报道如下。     

Karyotype Analysis of Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth (Liliaceae)

Karyotype analysis for the species Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth of the monotypic genus Reineckia Kunth is given for the first time. The number of chromosomes in root-tip cell was found to be 38, which is in accord with those reported by most of the previous authors^{[5,7,8,9,11,12,]}. The somatic complement shows a slight variation in size, i.e., the 2, 3, 5, 6, 7th pairs of the chromosomes have submedian constrictions, while the other pairs have median centromeres. The karyotype is therefore a rather symmetrical one, and according to the chromosomal terminology defined by Levan et al^[4], the karyotype formula of the species is 2n=38=28 m+10 sm. In spite of the presence of two nucleoli in the telophase as observed by the authors and Noguchi^[8] as well, the two corresponding Sat-chromosomes have not been found. Photomicrograph of the chromosome complement and idiogram are given in Fig. 1 and 2 respectively.     

草鱼和团头鲂染色体G带带型的研究

本文报道了经改进的胰酶一步法和放线菌素D(AMD-BSG)法所显示的鱼类染色体G带。采用草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)的血淋巴细胞和肾细胞进行短期培养。血淋巴细胞的空气干燥制片,用胰酶一步法处理,显示出细致清晰的染色体G带。培养的肾细胞在收集前1-1.5h,1.5—2h,2.5—3h,用最终浓度为2μg/ml的AMD(actiomycin D)处理,其气干制片在HCI和Ba(OH)_2中处理,经2×SSC温育,Giemsa染色,获得了良好的染色体G带。在前中期或早中期的一个细胞单倍体组的染色体显带能达200多条带纹,结果较稳定,反差明显,图象清晰。根据实验结果初步绘制了草鱼和团头鲂的G带模式图。     

达乌尔黄鼠的染色体组型分析

达乌尔黄鼠(Citellus dauricus)是分布于我国北方、蒙古和苏联等区域的一种中型啮齿动物。其染色体组型在国内文献中尚未见有报道,在国外文献中亦未见有详细报道。为此我们采用骨髓细胞染色体直接制片方法,并参考达乌尔黄鼠染色体的C分带和G分带(将另文报道,对其核型进行了分析研究,现报道如下。     

新疆昭苏野生油菜与黑芥品种尤嫩斯染色体组型和带型比较研究

大量的细胞学观察表明,昭苏野生油菜与黑芥之间,不论是在染色体数上,还是在染色体组型、带型以及染色体大小、总长上都有较大的差异。昭苏野生油菜的染色体数为2n=18,芥黑则为2n=16;染色体组型,前者为14m+4m(SAT),后者为8m+4sm+4sm(SAT);染色体带型,前者为12C/C+2CN/C+2WN~O/O+2W/O,后者为12C/C+2WN/C+2WN~O/C;染色体长度前者为2.00—4.00μ,后者为6.48—3.75μ,虽然黑芥染色体条数少于野生油菜,但总长度却长于昭苏野生油菜。通过观察测量和分析比较,我们认为,昭苏野生油菜与黑芥在亲缘关系上有着较大的距离,二者为不同的物种。     

Quantitative karyotyping of three diploid Brassica species by imaging methods and localization of 45s rDNA loci on the identified chromosomes

 Chromosomes of the three diploid Brassica species, B. rapa (AA), B. nigra (BB) and B. oleracea (CC), were identified based on their morphological characteristics, especially on the condensation pattern appearing at the somatic pro-metaphase stage. The morphological features of the pro-metaphase chromosomes of the three Brassica spp. were quantified by imaging methods using chromosome image analyzing system II (CHIAS 2). As a result, quantitative chromosome maps or idiograms of the three diploid Brassica spp. were developed. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method revealed the location of 45s rDNA (the 26s-5.8s-18s ribosomal RNA gene cluster) on the chromosomes involved. The number of 45s rDNA loci in the B. rapa, B. nigra and B. oleracea are five, three and two, respectively. The loci detected were systematically mapped on the idiograms of the three Brassica spp. Received: 5 September 1997 / Accepted: 6 October 1997     

苍耳X anthium strumarium L.染色体数目和核型的观察

苍耳Xanthium strumarium L. (X. sibiricum Patr. ex Widder, X. iaponicum Widder) 为菊科苍耳属的一年生草本,广布于欧亚大陆和北美洲;我国各地也均有分布。苍耳为常用中药,其果实入药,能发汗通窍、祛风湿,解表镇痛,用于治风湿性关节痛及鼻炎等症。