模尖蛾属新种记述(鳞翅目:尖蛾科)

记述中国模尖蛾属Meleonoma Meyrick三新种：毛模尖蛾Meleomoma polychaeta,sp．nov,叶模尖蛾Meleonoma foliata,sp．nov．及刺模尖蛾Meleonoma echinata,sp．nov．。提供了成虫和雌雄外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系标本室。     

中国迈尖蛾属研究(鳞翅目,尖蛾科)

迈尖蛾属世界共记录120多种,其中超过90种分布在澳大利亚,非洲区分布有10种,古北区和东洋区已知12种.包括本文记载的1新种和1新纪录种,中国已知6种.文中提供了新种和新纪录种的成虫和外生殖器特征图,给出了中国已知种的检索表.模式标本保存在南开大学生物系.宽迈尖蛾,新种Macrobathra latipterophora sp.nov.(图1,3～4)翅展17.0～20.0mm.正模♂,湖北五峰,1 000 m,1999-07-10,李后魂等采.副模1♂,4♀♀,1999-07-10～12,其他资料同正模.本种与Macrobathra quercea Moriuti外部相似,但可通过下列特征区别:雄性背兜左侧突起端部不膨大,右抱器瓣末端圆尖;雌性前阴片中部深凹,两侧形成大的圆形具毛突起.栎迈尖蛾Macrobathra quercea Moriuti,1973中国新纪录(图2,5～6)Macrobathra quercea Moriuti, 1973. Trans. Lep. Soc. Jap., 23 (2):35, figs. 11-22.翅展15.0～16.5 mm.研究标本:l♂,1♀,浙江天目山,500～1 140 m,1999-08-16～17,李后魂等采;1♀,陕西宁陕县,880 m,1987-08-11,李后魂等采;1♀,湖南张家界,650 m,2001-03-07,李后魂、王新谱采;1♀,湖北利川,700 m,1999-03-29,李后魂等采.寄主:锐齿栎Quercus serrata Thunberg、Qtereus glauca Thunberg(Moriuti,1973).分布:中国;日本.     

The broad host range of Metharmostis multilineata precludes its use as a biological control agent of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is an invasive weed in Florida and Hawaii, USA. Host range testing indicates that the stem-mining lepidopteran Metharmostis multilineata, collected from Hong Kong, China aggressively feeds and completes development on R. tomentosa as well as New World species in three other genera. The unsuitability of M. multilineata as a biological control agent and details of the newly described species' biology are addressed.     

Phylogeography and ecology of an endemic radiation of Hawaiian aquatic case-bearing moths (Hyposmocoma: Cosmopterigidae)

The endemic moth genus Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) may be one of the most speciose and ecologically diverse genera in Hawaii. Among this diversity is the Hyposmocoma saccophora clade with previously unrecorded aquatic larvae. I present a molecular phylogeny based on 773 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 762 bp of the nuclear gene elongation factor 1-alpha. Topologies were constructed from data using maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian search criteria. Results strongly support the monophyly of the H. saccophora clade and the monophyly of the genus Hyposmocoma. The H. saccophora clade has single-island endemic species on Oahu, Molokai and West Maui. By contrast, there are three species endemic to Kauai, two being sympatric. The H. saccophora clade appears to follow the progression rule, with more basal species on older islands, including the most basal species on 11 Myr-old Necker Island, one of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Aquatic behaviour either evolved recently in the species on the main Hawaiian Islands or was secondarily lost on the arid northwestern Necker Island. The phylogeny suggests that Hyposmocoma is older than any of the current main islands, which may, in part, explain Hyposmocoma's remarkable diversity.     

中国模尖蛾属研究及二新种记述（鳞翅目：尖蛾科）

研究了中国模尖蛾属Meleonoma Meyrick,其中记述2新种：面模尖蛾 M. facialis Li et Wang, sp. Nov. 和软颚模尖蛾 M. malacognatha Li et Wang, sp. Nov.。绘制了雌雄外生殖器特征图,给出了中国模尖蛾属分种检索表。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系标本室。     

中国模尖蛾属研究及二新种记述(鳞翅目:尖蛾科)(英文)

研究了中国模尖蛾属MeleonomaMeyrick ,其中记述 2新种 :面模尖蛾M .facialisLietWang ,sp .nov .和软颚模尖蛾M .malacognathaLietWang ,sp .nov .。绘制了雌雄外生殖器特征图 ,给出了中国模尖蛾属分种检索表。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系标本室。     

Convergent evolution of morphology and habitat use in the explosive Hawaiian fancy case caterpillar radiation

Species occurring in unconnected, but similar habitats and under similar selection pressures often display strikingly comparable morphology, behaviour and life history. On island archipelagos where colonizations and extinctions are common, it is often difficult to separate whether similar traits are a result of in situ diversification or independent colonization without a phylogeny. Here, we use one of Hawaii's most ecologically diverse and explosive endemic species radiations, the Hawaiian fancy case caterpillar genus Hyposmocoma, to test whether in situ diversification resulted in convergence. Specifically, we examine whether similar species utilizing similar microhabitats independently developed largely congruent larval case phenotypes in lineages that are in comparable, but isolated environments. Larvae of these moths are found on all Hawaiian Islands and are characterized by an extraordinary array of ecomorphs and larval case morphology. We focus on the ‘purse cases’, a group that is largely specialized for living within rotting wood. Purse cases were considered a monophyletic group, because morphological, behavioural and ecological traits appeared to be shared among all members. We constructed a phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from 38 Hyposmocoma species, including all 14 purse case species and 24 of non‐purse case congeners. Divergence time estimation suggests that purse case lineages evolved independently within dead wood and developed nearly identical case morphology twice: once on the distant Northwest Hawaiian Islands between 15.5 and 9 Ma and once on the younger main Hawaiian Islands around 3.0 Ma. Multiple ecomorphs are usually found on each island, and the ancestral ecomorph of Hyposmocoma appears to have lived on tree bark. Unlike most endemic Hawaiian radiations that follow a clear stepwise progression of colonization, purse case Hyposmocoma do not follow a pattern of colonization from older to younger island. We postulate that the diversity of microhabitats and selection from parasitism/predation from endemic predators may have shaped case architecture in this extraordinary endemic radiation of Hawaiian insects.     

Interaction among two biological control agents and the developmental stage of their target weed,Dalmatian toadflax,Linaria dalmatica (l.) Mill. (Scrophulariaceae)

An experiment with potted Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. was set up to test the effects of root‐feeding by Eteobalea (syn. Stagmatophora) intermediella Riedl (Lep. Cosmopterigidae) and stem‐mining by Mecinus janthinus Germar (Col. Curculionidae), as well as the interaction among the insects and the developmental stage of the host plant. During the summer season, mining by M. janthinus decreased the stem biomass substantially, while E. intermediella did not produce statistically significant effects on the performance of host plant individuals (the experimental conditions represented the effect of the univoltine M. janthinus adequately, but the potentially important effect of mining by the second generation of E. intermediella, at the beginning of the growing season, was not assessed). M. janthinus survived almost exclusively on plants in the flowering stage, although adult females readily used vegetative (younger) plants for oviposition. E. intermediella had a higher chance of survival on vegetative plants. Both species have recently been released as biological control agents on L. dalmatica in North America. For this purpose the complementary survival rates on the two developmental stages of the host plant is advantageous.