The relationship between the reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate induced by defoliator and the growth and mortality of trees

Large scale herbivorous insect outbreaks can cause death of regional forests, and the events are expected to be exacerbated with climate change. Mortality of forest and woodland plants would cause a series of serious consequences, such as decrease in vegetation production, shifts in ecosystem structure and function, and transformation of forest function from a net carbon sink into a net carbon source. There is thus a need to better understand the impact of insects on trees. Defoliation by insect pests mainly reduces photosynthesis (source decrease) and increases carbon consumption (sink increase), and hence causes reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). When the reduction in NSC reaches to a certain level, trees would die of carbon starvation. External environment and internal compensatory mechanisms can also positively or negatively influence the process of tree death. At present, the research of carbon starvation is a hotspot because the increase of tree mortality globally with climate change, and carbon starvation is considered as one of the dominating physiological mechanisms for explaining tree death. In this study, we reviewed the definition of carbon starvation, and the relationships between the reduction of NSC induced by defoliation and the growth and death of trees, and the relationships among insect outbreaks, leaf loss and climate change. We also presented the potential directions of future studies on insect-caused defoliation and tree mortality.     

常用的找矿方法

无论是煤炭、石油、天然气等化石燃料,还是金银铜铁锡等金属矿,都深埋于地下。若要开发,人们必须首先圈定矿产资源的分布位置。在长期的实践活动中,人们已经总结了十分丰富的找矿经验,并形成了独立、     

《昆虫知识》2010年第47卷第3期要目预告

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研究表明蝗虫走路不凭“感”觉靠“视觉”

一项新研究发现，蝗虫并不是靠“感觉”走路，而是依靠“视觉”精确定位自己的每一步，这表明人类可能低估了蝗虫的视觉导向系统。此前研究表明，昆虫大多靠触角等器官凭“感觉”行走或飞行，依靠视觉引导行走对于脑部较小的昆虫来说似乎过于高级。     

研发动态

我国构建世界第一张人类器官蛋白质组“蓝图”;中科院发现新的肿瘤调控蛋白;高致病性蓝耳病灭活疫苗研制取得了突破性进展;台湾成大医院发表干细胞再生心脏细胞研究成果;试管内成功再现抑制mRNA翻译的过程;     

昆虫与寄主植物的适应性及协调进化

昆虫与寄主植物的适应性及协调进化钦俊德（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）昆虫和植物都是地球上起源很早的生物类群。从化石的证据来推断，它们至少在３亿多年前已生活在一起，在不同地域建立起密切关系的生物群落。它们中不同的种类为了自身的生存和发展，并根...     

湖北兴山古洞口下奥陶统几丁虫

系统分析兴山古洞口下奥陶统,包括南津关组、分乡组、红花园组及大湾组底部的几丁虫微体生物化石。鉴定几丁虫5属14种,含早奥陶世特征种Eremochitina baculata,早中奥陶世常见种Conochitina decipiens,以及华南上扬子区早奥陶世常见属种Euconochitina fenxiangensis和Lagenochitina chongqingensis。E.baculata是北冈瓦纳地区弗洛早中期的特征带化石,本文的材料为该种在华南的首次确切报道,且产出层位略低,为特马豆克期。在华南,常见于特马豆克晚期的带化石Euconochitina symmetrica在该剖面的同时段地层中暂未被发现,但形态上与之高度相似的Euconochitina fenxiangensis在该时段大量出现。比较以往发表的数据后发现,E.fenxiangensis在华南的分布广泛且产出层位较为稳定,较之E.symmetrica更易获得,或可将其作为特马豆克晚期至弗洛初期区域内地层对比的一个有效卡尺。     

新疆绿蟾蜍的染色体组型初步研究

近年来,有关两栖类的染色体组型已有不少报道。无尾两栖类中蜍蟾属(Bufo)的染色体数目分为两类:2n=22和2n=20(Blain,1972)。我们对采自新疆4个地区的绿蟾蜍进行了染色体组型分析,发现其二倍体细胞染色体数均为44,是四倍体。现将我们的初步研究报道如下。