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新疆北鲵染色体组型的初步观察 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
本文报道了新疆北鲵的染色体组型,2n=66,核型公式为2n=10M+2ST+16T+38m,由14对大染色体和19对微小染色体组成。在雌,雄个体间未发现有异型性染色体。核型分析结果表明,新疆北鲵是小鲵科中较原始的种类。 相似文献
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材料和方法 试验鱼于1983年冬天和1984年春天取自湖北省武汉市市场(长江水系),二雌一雄,体长为2.0—3.2米,体重为99—220公斤。取肾脏组织在无菌的条件下用PBS溶液进行多次洗涤后,用剪刀剪成小块,再用0.02%胰蛋白酶消化15分钟,离心分离肾细胞,进行短期培养,用0.075M氯化钾溶液低渗处理,气干法制片,吉姆萨染色。在油镜下观察、计数、确定染色体数目。然后选择分散好、形态清晰的中期分裂相做显微镜照相,将标准的中期分裂相剪下,按同源染色体配对、测量,并用统计学方法计算其臂比和相对长度。根据Levan等(1964)提出的按着丝点的位置进行染色体的命名和分类。 相似文献
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本文采用体内注射PHA制备染色体标本的方法,对北鳅的染色体组型进行了研究,其2n=50,NF=62,核型公式:4m+8sm+32st+6t。 相似文献
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用ASG法对三叶木通(Akebia trifoliata)根、茎尖细胞进行染色体制片,探讨其染色体组型。结果表明:三叶木通核型为2n=2X=16=10M+2SM+2ST+2T,X=8;2B类型,第2号染色体上有一对随体。三叶木通细胞中存在有混倍性现象,实生苗中2n=4X=32的四倍性细胞占7.9%;秋水仙素诱变苗、根茎占31.8%~37.9%。 相似文献
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星康吉鳗染色体组型研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用活体注射秋水仙素制备鱼类肾细胞染色体的方法,对星康吉鳗Conger myriaster(鳗鲡目)的染色体作了初步观察。其二倍体染色体数目为2n=38。雌鱼(♀)组型为:13M+4SM+21T;雄鱼(♂)为:14M+4sM+20T。即在星康吉鳗中存在着ZZ(♂)-ZW(♀)型性染色体。Z染色体为中着丝粒染色体,W为端着丝粒染色体。 相似文献
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Fatemeh FAKHARZAEH Jamshid DARVISH Haji Gholi KAMI Fereshteh GHASEMZADEH Eskandar RASTEGAR-POUYANI 《亚洲两栖爬行动物研究(英文版)》2014,(3):168-178
Previous studies on the Bufo viridis complex, which is distributed broadly across Iran, are incomplete and restricted to a few regions or a few samples. In this paper a new detailed study on the B. viridis complex in southern of Iran (from West to East) is presented. The analysis of 18 morphometric characters with univariate and multivariate methods reveals significant differences between three members of the B. viridis complex namely B. variabilis, B. luristanicus, and B. surdus distributed in southern part of Iran. Our result help to resolve an old taxonomic problem about B. surdus subgroup (taxa closely related to B. surdus) confirming that B. luristanicus and B. surdus are distinct species. Moreover, for the first time we report and describe karyotype details of B. luristanicus and B. surdus which confirmed that they are diploid. Karyological studies demonstrate that all toads from three mentioned species have 2n = 22 chromosomes. These chromosomes are arranged into two groups. First group has six large chromosomes and the second group is composed of five small chromosomes. These chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric. The number of submetacentric chromosomes is different in three mentioned species of B. viridis complex. Neither sexual heteromorphism, nor secondary constriction was observed in any pairs of chromosomes. 相似文献
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利用骨髓细胞蒸汽固定法制备染色体标本,研究了分布于河南新乡的花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei)的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。结果表明:河南产花背蟾蜍体细胞染色体数为22条,核型公式为2n=22(20m 2sm),全部为中部或亚中部着丝点染色体,NF=44。Ag-NORs具有多态现象。C-带核型显示22条染色体的着丝点均正染,No.1染色体近着丝粒处有不恒定插入型C-带,No.4染色体具有恒定近端部插入型C-带,随体部位被正染的仅占所观察细胞的15%。 相似文献
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云南猪屎豆属6种植物的核型初报 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对猪屎豆属(Crotalaria)6种植物的核型进行了研究(C. yunnanensis仅报道了染色体数目),并结合它们的分类和分布特征,初步探讨了它们的演化关系;其中C. bracteata的染色体数目和核型以及C. yunnanensis的染色体数目均为首次报道。 相似文献
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中国葱属单生组4种植物的核型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对葱属单生组Allium sect.Haplostemon Boiss.的4种8个地方居群的核型进行了研究,其中3个种的核型属首次报道。研究结果表明:除在棱叶韭内同时具二倍体、三倍体和四倍体居群外,所研究的其余种的居群均为二倍体。以本研究为基础,结合国内外对该组已有的细胞学研究,得出以下结论:(1)单生组的染色体基数为8,在组内存在1A和2A两种核型类型;(2)组内随体染体类型丰富,在该组物种的生存适应方面可能起重要作用;(3)有些种(如薤白A.macrostemohn,棱叶韭A.caeruleum等)表明出现明显的种内核型分化,有的种甚至在外部形态上也有分化;(4)高度不育的三倍体(棱杏韭)和和五倍体(薤白)居群靠小鳞茎和珠芽进行无性繁殖,以此保持群的稳定和扩大。另外,从生境、繁育制度、多倍化以及这三者之间的关系等方面分析,认为 在单生组中不同的生境有利于诱发染色体的结构作数目变异。多倍化和兼性无融合生殖繁殖制度并存,则有利于克服染色色体变异所带来的育性降低这一繁育障碍,同时使居群中所发生的染色体变异得以保存,因此,多倍化和普性无融合生殖繁育制度并存是该组中多倍体类群进化的重要机制之一。 相似文献
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Spartak N. Litvinchuk Glib O. Mazepa Rosa A. Pasynkova Abdusattor Saidov Toszhiddin Satorov Yuriy A. Chikin Dmitriy A. Shabanov Angelica Crottini Leo J. Borkin Jury M. Rosanov Matthias Stöck 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2011,49(3):233-239
We studied the distribution of Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup), an anuran species group with three ploidy levels, inhabiting the Central Asian Amudarya River drainage. Various approaches (one‐way, multivariate, components variance analyses and maximum entropy modelling) were used to estimate the effect of altitude, precipitation, temperature and land vegetation covers on the distribution of toads. It is usually assumed that polyploid species occur in regions with harsher climatic conditions (higher latitudes, elevations, etc.), but for the green toads complex, we revealed a more intricate situation. The diploid species (Bufo shaartusiensis and Bufo turanensis) inhabit the arid lowlands (from 44 to 789 m a.s.l.), while tetraploid Bufo pewzowi were recorded in mountainous regions (340–3492 m a.s.l.) with usually lower temperatures and higher precipitation rates than in the region inhabited by diploid species. The triploid species Bufo baturae was found in the Pamirs (Tajikistan) at the highest altitudes (2503–3859 m a.s.l.) under the harshest climatic conditions. 相似文献
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Abstract. 1. Ovipositing females should choose egg-laying sites which maximize the growth and survivorship of their offspring. Accordingly, they should avoid habitats with high densities of competitors and predators and should choose sites with adequate food. We tested experimentally the oviposition response of the mosquito, Culiseta longiareolata Macquart, to extra food and two species which are both potential competitors and predators of its offspring: conspecific larvae and green toad ( Bufo viridis ) tadpoles.
2. We conducted the experiment in outdoor artificial pools where wild C. longiareolata females were presented with choices of all combinations of the presence or absence of: (1) C.longiareolata larvae, (2) B.viridis tadpoles, and (3) extra food (a mixture of ground fish food and mouse chow).
3. Oviposition rates averaged approximately 4 times greater in response to extra food.
4. The presence of the tadpoles, particularly later in the experiment when they were larger, caused a significant reduction (approximately 50%) in oviposition rate.
5. We did not detect a statistically significant effect of conspecific larvae on oviposition habitat selection.
6. Our results indicate that Culiseta females choose habitats for oviposition based on food availability. They also tend to avoid habitats containing Bufo tadpoles, presumably to avoid predation and/or competition. 相似文献
2. We conducted the experiment in outdoor artificial pools where wild C. longiareolata females were presented with choices of all combinations of the presence or absence of: (1) C.longiareolata larvae, (2) B.viridis tadpoles, and (3) extra food (a mixture of ground fish food and mouse chow).
3. Oviposition rates averaged approximately 4 times greater in response to extra food.
4. The presence of the tadpoles, particularly later in the experiment when they were larger, caused a significant reduction (approximately 50%) in oviposition rate.
5. We did not detect a statistically significant effect of conspecific larvae on oviposition habitat selection.
6. Our results indicate that Culiseta females choose habitats for oviposition based on food availability. They also tend to avoid habitats containing Bufo tadpoles, presumably to avoid predation and/or competition. 相似文献