Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

利用酵母菌细胞转化肉桂酸生成L-苯丙氨酸

对利用酵母菌转化肉桂酸生成L-苯丙氨酸的方法进行了菌株筛选、菌体细胞培养、转化反应条件以及产物提取等方面的探索。从13个属的71株酵母菌中选到转化生成L-苯丙氨酸较高的粘红酵母(Rhodosorula glusinis)As 2.102菌株。经实验得出该菌株的最佳培养条件为:在含有1.5%酵母膏、1%葡萄糖、1.5%蛋白胨、0.05%L-苯丙氨酸、0.05% KH₂PO₄、0.5%NaCl、pH5.0的培养基中,30℃振荡培养20小时;最佳转化条件     

耐热酵母与酿酒酵母原生质体融合的研究

酿酒酵母(saccharomyces cerevisiae)396是利用甘蔗糖蜜生产酒精的生产菌株,假丝酵母(Candida sp·)C₆是我们从云南温泉底泥中筛选到的一株能在45℃生长良好的耐热酵母,我们应用原生质体融合技术进行了两菌株属间融合的研究。通过亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变得到的营养缺陷型菌株396(arg^－)和C6(lys^-),其融合频率为O．91×10^-5。从检出的融合子中挑选6株进行考核、其细胞体积平均为亲株的1．3倍,DNA含量平均为亲株的1．6倍,培养特征、形态、大小和生理生化特征表现不一,特别是糖类的同化试验。除F₂、F₁₄外,其他4株可以排除异核体形成的可能性。比较了在28℃,40℃和45℃培养条件下出发亲株396、C₆、直接亲株396(arg^-)C₆(lys^-)和融合子F₁、F₇、F₁₂,F₁₃的生长曲线、基质利用率和乙醇产率等,得到一株在40℃培养条件下糖的利用率为94．3％、乙醇产量为59．7g／L的属间融合株F₁₃。     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原基因在酵母SUC2启动子-信号顺序控制下的表达

酵母SUC2基因克隆YFD6的DNA用核酸酶BAL31从SUC2基因的BamHI切点进行酶解,加上BamHI接头后,自连环化,得到的一个缺失质粒YFD6A21保留sucz基因动子-信号顺序以及氨基端22个氨基酸残基的编码顺序。将带有HBsAg基因的BamHI片段插入YFD6 A21的BamHI切点,使HBsAg基因suc2基因融合,然后将重担质粒引入酵母将酵母转化子在葡萄糖阻遏及去阻遏条件下生长,然后测定细胞内、周质空间和培养基中的HBsAg量。我们只能在葡萄糖去阻遏条件下检测到HBsAg的表达,几乎全部表达的HBsAg位于细胞内。     

喷射自吸管式生化反应器研究

本文研究了喷射自吸管式生化反应器的吸气及所液传质特性,提出了吸气量(Qs)和容积氧传递系数(kLa)的数学表达式：Qg=5.2×10^-2W^0.144_cLR^0.079_cD(L-D)^0.328D²_nPoπ——P^o_gTo[(D-Dn)²-1](Pn-Pl)-1)(Kla)₁=0.999(W-V)^0.38V^0.90_sg(L-D)^-0.16(Kla)2=1.003(W-V)^0.71V^0.28_sg(L-D)^-0.32(加C圈)反应器的具优工况为：L/D=320-400,D/D=2.7—3。8,Pn=5—13×10⁴N/m²。Kla最高达4280h^-1,比能耗为0.72—2.16×10³kJ/kgO₂用于培养饲料酵母,酵母浓度达40.04kg/m³.最大生长速率为6.24kg/m³·h,比能耗为1.66—2.52×10³KJ/kg DBM.空气利用率为10—20%.是一般生化反应器的2—4倍。     

酵母甘油醛—3—磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)基因及其启动子的分离和鉴定

以大肠杆菌质粒pBR322为载体进行了野生型酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)的基因组克隆。以人工合成的寡聚核苷酸(3’GTGCGTACATAGATAGAGTA5’)为探针进行分子杂交,分离到的阳性克隆经限制性内切酶酶谱、southem杂交分析证实,插入序列中的2．1kb Hind Hi片段含有GPD基因。其中650bpTaq I片段的部分序列分析结果初步表明,该区域可能包含了高表达GPD基因的启动子。     

耐高温酵母WVHY8的生物学特性及其应用

从本实验室分离的200多株酵母菌中,经反复筛选获得一株耐高温产酒酵母WVHY8。该菌株具有以下主要特性:1.适宜生长温度范围广(30—42℃3),夏季高温38—40℃时能正常发酵,含酒量>9(V)%;2.一吨酒精节约冷却水12吨以上;3.耐酸,pH3.0时能正常发酵,有利于控制杂菌的污染;4.耐酒精浓度14%。经鉴定WVHY8属葡萄汁酵母(Saccharomyces uvarum)。