Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

结核休眠菌与巨噬细胞自噬

结核休眠菌是残存于人体巨噬细胞内处于代谢静止期的极微量结核分枝杆菌(MTB),了解其生物学特性和相关作用机制对MTB潜伏感染新靶点药物的研究具有重要意义。巨噬细胞作为机体固有免疫和适应性免疫的重要组成部分,是清除胞内感染的MTB的首要屏障。巨噬细胞可以通过自噬途径清除MTB,而处于休眠状态的MTB可以逃避巨噬细胞的杀伤而持续存在。此外,目前有关休眠菌如何逃逸巨噬细胞自噬的具体机制也并不十分明确,本文则对休眠菌及其与巨噬细胞自噬相关研究的最新进展作一综述。     

门诊包皮环切术患者的心里护理技巧

随着医学模式的改变，患者的心身健康日益受到医护人员的重视。而患者术前的心理健康水平是影响手术效果及术后康复的一个重要因素。因此，做好患者的心理护理，确保手术的顺利进行，永远是我们追求的目标。现就我院外科门诊对包皮环切术患者进行心理护理的技巧介绍如下。     

封面故事

<正>生物系统中存在大量相对独立的、具有特定生物功能的网络模块,其中自调控(或自反馈)环路是最典型、最简单的调控网络模块。对于某些模式生物,自反馈环路已经被辨识,例如,在模式生物E.coli的转录网络中,超过40%的转录因子都依赖于     

中国环角圆Yao属Papirioides亚属一新种（弹尾目：齿Yao科）

本文描述了采自中国江苏的环角圆Ｙａｏ属Ｐａｐｉｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ亚属一新种：苏州环角圆Ｙａｏ Ｐｔｅｎｏｔｈｒｉｘ（Ｐａｐｉｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ）ｓｕｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在南京大学生物系。     

Sirtuin家族参与帕金森病发病的研究进展

Sirtuin是一种从细菌到人类都高度保守的去乙酰化酶类,可通过去乙酰化多种底物参与调控细胞周期、细胞应激反应、代谢、衰老和凋亡等过程。众多研究发现Sirtuin家族及其药物激活剂或抑制剂具有神经保护作用。在过去的十年中,大量的有关Sirtuin家族成员与帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)发病的研究工作被报道。本文将对Sirtuin家族调节PD发病的证据和Sirtuin家族成员对PD发病机理及疾病进程的影响做一回顾。     

大鼠尾壳核衰老变化定量分析：Ⅱ.多巴胺（DA）系统

本实验结果表明:衰老大鼠(26—27月龄)尾壳核多巴胺(DA)神经末梢膨体较成年组(3—4月龄)明显减少,而单个膨体内DA含量较成年组显著增多,提示纹状体DA系统在衰老过程中可能具有一定的代偿机制。本文对其意义进行了讨论。     

显微镜下减压联合前路Zero-P治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效分析

目的:探讨前路颈椎显微镜辅助下精准减压联合前路椎间隙Zero-P融合器置入治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月至2018年1月我院收治的43例颈椎病患者,处理节段共73个;患者均行显微镜辅助颈椎前路减压、髓核切除、Zero-P置入融合内固定术。记录患者手术节段、手术时间,术中失血量及并发症。手术前,术后1个月、3个月、6个月、末次随访时的颈部及上肢疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、颈部日本骨科协会评分(Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA)和颈椎残障功能指数(Neck Disability Index,NDI),并采用配对t检验对不同时间点的评分进行分析,评估临床疗效。并同期行颈椎X线、CT及MRI检查,测量和评估椎间隙高度、颈椎Cobb角的改变情况和邻近节段异位骨化形成(Adjacent Level Ossification Development,ALOD)。结果:所有患者术后均获得随访,随访时间12-18个月,平均(14.9±2.2)个月。平均手术时间(82.2±20.9)min,失血量(91.5±33.7) m L;未发生神经和血管损伤等严重并发症。与术前相比,患者术后1个月、3个月、6个月及末次随访时的VAS评分、JOA评分、NDI评分、椎间隙高度及Cobb角均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但术后随访时间点比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后出现轻度吞咽困难2例,中度和重度吞咽困难各1例。随访期间,所有患者均获椎间骨性融合,未发生Zero-P融合器松动、滑脱或断裂,椎体未出现继发性骨折。结论:显微镜辅助颈椎前路椎间盘切除、Zero-P融合器置入治疗颈椎病,能够精准的去除神经脊髓组织的压迫,术后短期和中期临床疗效良好,同时显微镜下止血、术中出血少;视野清晰、手术安全性高。