中国环角圆Yao属Papirioides亚属一新种（弹尾目：齿Yao科）

本文描述了采自中国江苏的环角圆Ｙａｏ属Ｐａｐｉｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ亚属一新种：苏州环角圆Ｙａｏ Ｐｔｅｎｏｔｈｒｉｘ（Ｐａｐｉｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ）ｓｕｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在南京大学生物系。     

黏管藻的分子鉴定与生长特性研究

对分布在辽宁大连黑石礁、付家庄、石槽、金石滩、獐子岛与海洋岛沿岸的黏管藻[Gloiosiphonia capillaris (Hudson) Carmichael]的外部形态、营养与生殖结构、生物量、成熟个体比例与成熟个体生物量/总生物量(R/T指数)的变化、温度性质以及rbcL、COⅠ基因序列进行了详细研究。结果表明: (1) 黏管藻配子体为雌雄同体, 直立, 单生或丛生, 主轴明显, 固着器呈圆盘状, 质地胶质, 颜色为红色或紫红色。采集于獐子岛与海洋岛的藻体长度和宽度明显高于其他采集地点; (2) 藻体由皮层及髓部组成, 皮层由6—10层细胞组成, 髓部存在假根丝细胞。成熟囊果小, 突出于藻体表面, 呈球形或半球形, 通常2—4个囊果聚集在一起; (3) 黏管藻配子体的生物量在6月达到最大, 平均生物量为3.628 g/m2。3—6月成熟个体比例逐渐增大, 6月达到100%; (4) 黏管藻配子体生长周期为3—7月, 温度性质属于温带性; (5) rbcL基因序列分析表明, 6个采集地点的样本间无碱基差异, 与产自加拿大的黏管藻聚在一起, 形成一个独立的分支。COⅠ基因序列分析表明, 6个采集地点的样本间无碱基差异, 形成一个独立的分支, 均确定为黏管藻。     

山西省异爪蝗属二新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

本文记述在晋南地区采到的异爪蝗属二新种,黑条异爪蝗Euchorthippus nigiliineatus sp.nov.及曲线异爪蝗Eochorthippus sinucarinatus sp.nov.     

追溯山茱萸科植物的性状进化和生物地理学历史——方法选择的影响?

This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral character state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit characters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.