国家科技支撑计划项目“区域农业生态系统害虫生物防治关键技术与示范”项目启动会在广州召开

国家科技支撑计划项目“区域农业生态系统害虫生物防治关键技术与示范”（2008BADA5B00）项目启动暨实施方案论证会，于2009年3月28～29日在广州中山大学隆重召开。该项目由教育部组织实施，共设6个课题，分别由中山大学、中国科学院动物研究所、浙江大学、华南农业大学、北京市农林科学院等单位承担。来自科技部、教育部、中国科学院、广东省科技厅和中山大学的领导及咨询专家出席了会议，负责项目实施的21个单位包括高校、科研院所和企业共83名代表参加了会议。     

美巨资扶植生物燃料产业高昂成本为发展障碍

美国政府斥资数十亿美元扶植以植物为原材料生产燃料乙醇的产业，但高昂的成本恐将令起步阶段受阻。     

亚洲农业生物技术发展现状和前景(下)

3农业生物技术给农民提供的效益诚如有关美国以及发展中国家诸如中国、南非、墨西哥、阿根廷和菲律宾的调查报告所述,生物技术可以为农民提供巨大的效益。Pray等(2001)曾经在1999~2001年对中国华北地区283名种植Bt棉的棉农的受益状况进行了全面的调查分析。调查中涉及的经济参数包括生产成本、净收益和收益分配。也评价了应用Bt棉技术对环境和卫生的影响。这项调查研究发现,种植Bt棉的农民可在不降低每ha单产或棉花品质的情况下,减少农药施用量。与种植常规棉花品种比较,种植Bt棉可使配方农药的施用量减少约50kg/ha(图1)。这给小农带来了…     

细菌内毒素检查法在疫苗生产检查中的应用

在进行疫苗生产检查的过程中,主要采用细菌内毒素检查法进行检查,其应用具有非常大的广泛性,并且检查的准确性非常高。因此,本文主要针对于细菌内毒素检查法在疫苗生产检查中的应用进行了具体的分析和研究,希望通过本文的探讨,能够为相关方面的研究提供理论性的参考。     

中国农业科学院稳定同位素实验室

<正>中国农业科学院稳定同位素实验室成立于2002年,经过近10年的努力,在同位素的研究与测试领域取得一些重要进展,实验室与欧洲7个稳定同位素实验室展开积极的合作,参加了国际比对,实验结果得到了国际同行的认可和高度评价。实验室利用国际原子能机构的标准物质对相关结果进行标定,采用国际标准测定方法进行C、H、O、N、S稳定同位素测定,保证了结果的准确性。     

抗旱作物上岗记

一边是水资源的严重短缺，一边是干旱导致的农业减产，无疑使世界粮食危机雪上加霜。水资源正成为世界多数国家制约农业发展的重要因素，培育“不怕渴”农作物品种成为摆在世界育种学家面前的共同难题，也是节水农业中最有效的技术手段。     

Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.