阿拉善高原2种荒漠植物根系构型及生态适应性特征

根系构型决定了植物对资源的吸收方式，根系构型的变化是植物对环境的生态适应和有效生存策略。在阿拉善高原西南缘红砂（Reaumuria soongarica）-珍珠猪毛菜（Salsola passerina）混生群落采用传统挖掘法收集两种植物根系，基于量化的根系形态指标，利用几何拓扑学及分形理论分析了根系构型特征，探讨了该地区2种植物对干旱生境的生态适应策略。结果表明：红砂和珍珠猪毛菜根系均以水平分布占优，根系浅层化分布明显，混生的两种植物占据不同的生态位；2种荒漠植物均具有较大的比根长（SRL）和比表面积（SRA），红砂SRL=21.3 cm/g，SRA=7.6 cm²/g，珍珠SRL=22.4 cm/g，SRA=6.5 cm²/g，有利于水分和养分的获取；红砂根系拓扑指数（TI）、修正拓扑参数（q_a和q_b）分别为0.86、0.52、0.49，珍珠猪毛菜对应参数分别为0.93、0.76、0.73，表明2种植物根系均趋向于鱼尾形分支结构；根系分形维数值（FD_红=1.488、FD_珍=1.422）较小，而分形丰度值（lgK_红=1.855、lgK_珍=1.774）较大，表明2种植物分支相对简单，但空间拓展能力强，有利于对营养空间的占有。上述特征可能是阿拉善西南缘红砂-珍珠猪毛菜群落2种荒漠植物植物对干旱贫瘠生境的重要生态适应策略。     

弓形虫SAGI基因的克隆与原核表达

华中农业大学农业微生物学国家重点实验室和该校动物医学院的王金苹、赵俊龙、江涛等7位科学工作者利用PCR技术从弓形虫RH株基因组中扩增出SAGI部分基因片段,亚克隆入表达载体pGEXKG,将重组质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳显示表达的重组蛋白的分子量为56ku。     

微小牛蜱Bin86基因的克隆与原核表达

甘肃农业大学动物医学院杨孝林、中国农科院兰州兽医研究所刘志杰、党志胜等11位动物医学研究者根据已发表的Bm86基因系列，设计表达型引物，利用RT-PCR技术，从微小牛蜱饥饿幼蜱的研磨物中扩增Bm86基因，将PCR产物连入pGEM-TEasy载体，构建重组克隆载体pGEM-Teasy-Bm86。     

关于克隆与繁殖概念的探讨

现代的克隆概念具广泛的含义，将克隆称为无性系、无性繁殖或释为复制等，其意义均是不完整的，所培育的克隆或转基因生物等涉及营养繁殖、无性生殖、有性生殖、单性生殖等繁殖类型；因此，建议把培育具有相同遗传性状个体群的克隆概念依繁殖类型定义为：（1）营养体纯系，或称营养体克隆；（2）孢子生殖纯系，或称孢子克隆；（3）单性生殖纯系，或称单性克隆；（4）核融合纯系，或称核融合克隆。并赞成克隆的基本含义为“纯系”。     

克隆绵羊——多莉（DOLLY）的研究进展

多莉，第一例大型克隆哺乳动物，由一只称为ＦｉｎｎＤｏｒｅｔ的６岁母羊乳腺体细胞的基础生命物质经细胞核转移等操作而产生。成果分布后，持怀疑观点的学者提出，提供体细胞的母羊是否本身处在妊娠状态？推测多莉是由胚胎细胞产生，并非体细胞本身克隆所致。由于６岁的母羊死于１９９５年，只能用其冷冻保存的乳腺组织在Ｈａｎｎａｈ研究中心进行细胞群体的分析。首先，用微卫星扩增技术，以三套引物进行测定；其次，进行ＤＮＡ指     

鸭C4BPα的克隆、表达及其与鸭疫里默氏菌的互作

为研究鸭C4结合蛋白(C4b-binding protein,C4BP)与鸭疫里默氏菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)的相互作用,对鸭C4BPα进行克隆、原核表达,免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,并利用间接免疫荧光试验及斑点杂交试验验证C4BP与RA的相互作用。结果显示,鸭C4BPα核苷酸序列全长为1230bp,与鸡C4BPα的相似性最高(82.1%);系统进化树分析发现,鸭C4BPα与鸡C4BPα处于同一系统进化树分支上,两者遗传进化关系最近;C4BPα在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)中能高效表达,重组蛋白以胞内可溶性形式存在;多克隆抗体效价超过1∶10000,并且可以与重组蛋白发生特异性反应;间接免疫荧光试验和斑点杂交试验结果显示RA与鸭C4BP可以发生相互作用。研究结果为进一步揭示RA的致病机制奠定了基础。     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.