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1.
Catherine A. Vandevoort Laurie E. Neville Theodore L. Tollner Leslie P. Field 《Zoo biology》1993,12(3):257-265
Preservation of the genetic diversity of the captive orangutan, especially the wild-caught founders, is critical in maintaining a long-term population in zoological parks. One solution to the problem of maintaining maximum genetic diversity would be to initiate a program of artificial insemination for genetically underrepresented individuals through the banking and interinstitutional use of cryopreserved semen. However, little is known about basic orangutan semen characteristics, and current methodology is inadequate to support such a program. In this paper, we report the results of semen collection from an adult Sumatran orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelli), using an artificial vagina without anesthesia or electrical stimulation. A total of 27 ejaculates were evaluated during a 1-year period. The total and liquid volumes of the ejaculates at 1 h following collection were 6.1 ± 0.6 ml and 2.6 ± 0.4 ml, respectively (mean ± SEM). The liquid portion continued to exude semen for 2 h; however, 90% of the motile sperm was exuded within the first 30 min. The total number of sperm in the ejaculate was 164 ± 106 ± 16.5, and the percentage of motile cells was 60 ± 2.7%. We conclude that the artificial vagina provides a promising technique for semen collection in the orangutan, and view these results as an initial step in developing methods for in vitro sperm capacitation, sperm cryopreservation, and artificial insemination. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
2.
《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2013,88(4):262-271
AbstractThe localization and distribution of estrogen receptors (ERα) and progesterone receptors (PR-B) in the cervix and vagina of sexually mature bovines during the follicular and luteal phases of the sexual cycle were studied using immunohistocehmistry. The estrous cycle stage of 23 Holstein bovines was assessed by gross and histological appearance of ovaries and blood steroid hormone values. Tissue samples from cervix and vagina were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for routine histological processing. Nuclear staining for ERα and PR-B was observed in the epithelial cells of the surface epithelium, stromal cells and smooth muscle cells. Generally, in the cervix, ERα immunoreactivity was more intense in the epithelial and smooth muscle cells during the follicular phase and in the epithelial cells during the luteal phase (p < 0.05). PR-B immunoreactivity was more intense in the epithelial and smooth muscle cells than in the superficial and deep stromal cells during the follicular and luteal phases (p < 0.05). In the vagina, ERα and PR-B immunoreactivities were more intense in the epithelial cells than in the connective tissue cells and smooth muscle cells during the follicular and luteal phases (p < 0.05). These results indicated that the frequency and intensity of ERα and PR-B immunoreactivity in the cervix and vagina of bovines varied according to the cervical and vaginal cell types and the phases of the sexual cycle. 相似文献
3.
Massi M Vitali B Federici F Matteuzzi D Brigidi P 《Journal of applied microbiology》2004,96(4):777-786
AIMS: A molecular methodology based on PCR-associated automated ribotyping was developed to specifically detect the Lactobacillus strains of two probiotic products (an orally administered lyophilized preparation and vaginal tablets) in human faeces and vaginal swabs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 16S-23S rDNA sequences and the ribotype profiles of the probiotic lactobacilli were characterized and new species-specific primer sets were designed. The identification of faecal and vaginal lactobacilli isolated from subjects administered with the probiotic products was performed by using PCR with species-specific primers followed by strain-specific automated ribotyping. CONCLUSIONS: The PCR-ribotyping identification allowed to study the colonization patterns of the probiotic lactobacilli in the human gut and vagina evidencing the strains with the best survival capability. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The proposed molecular method represents a powerful tool of strain-specific identification, useful for differentiating exogenous from indigenous strains in any microbial ecosystem and for rationally choosing probiotic bacteria with the best chance of survival in the host. 相似文献
4.
A total of 57 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the vaginal secretions of 259 patients. Of these strains, 37 were isolated
from patients attending pre-natal clinics and the remaining strains from patients attending post-natal clinics. The strains
were identified by using simple physiological and biochemical tests and their phenotypic relatedness determined by numerical
analysis of total soluble cell protein patterns. The genotypic relatedness of representative strains selected from each of
the protein profile clusters was determined by numerical analysis of the DNA banding patterns obtained from RAPD-PCR. The
majority of lactobacilli isolated belonged to the species Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus fermentum and Enterococcus faecium. A few strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Weissella viridescens were also isolated. One strain, TV 1029, grouped into the same protein profile cluster as E. faecium, but revealed a DNA banding pattern closer related to Enterococcus faecalis. This is the first report of W. viridescens associated with the human vagina.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
目的:研发消糜阴道泡腾片新药,遴选最佳配方工艺技术参数。方法:采用正交试验设计及酸碱源分别制粒的方法,研究酸碱源比例、片剂含药量、润湿剂浓度、片剂硬度对泡腾片质量的影响。结果:酸碱源比例为1.25:1、片剂含药量为50%、润湿剂浓度为85%、片剂硬度为3—4kg/mm^2时消糜阴道泡腾片的pH值、发泡量、崩解时限检测合格,产品质量稳定。结论:配方工艺适合制备消糜阴道泡腾片。 相似文献
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7.
目的研究阴道卷曲乳酸杆菌对阴道致病菌的体外生物拮抗作用。方法将阴道卷曲乳酸杆菌分别与3株阴道致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、粪肠球菌)混合接种于GAM液体培养基中进行厌氧培养,通过平板菌落计数法计算阴道致病菌的菌数。结果经混合培养后阴道致病菌的菌数明显下降。结论阴道卷曲乳酸杆菌A7在体外能明显抑制3株肠道致病菌的生长繁殖。 相似文献
8.
Dara N. Orbach Brandon Hedrick Bernd Würsig Sarah L. Mesnick Patricia L. R. Brennan 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2018,72(2):261-273
Male genital diversification is likely the result of sexual selection. Female genital diversification may also result from sexual selection, although it is less well studied and understood. Female genitalia are complex among whales, dolphins, and porpoises, especially compared to other vertebrates. The evolutionary factors affecting the diversity of vaginal complexity could include ontogeny, allometry, phylogeny, sexual selection, and natural selection. We quantified shape variation in female genitalia using 2D geometric morphometric analysis, and validated the application of this method to study soft tissues. We explored patterns of variation in the shape of the cervix and vagina of 24 cetacean species (n = 61 specimens), and found that genital shape varies primarily in the relative vaginal length and overall aspect ratio of the reproductive tract. Extensive genital shape variation was partly explained by ontogenetic changes and evolutionary allometry among sexually mature cetaceans, whereas phylogenetic signal, relative testis size, and neonate size were not significantly associated with genital shape. Female genital shape is diverse and evolves rapidly even among closely related species, consistent with predictions of sexual selection models and with findings in invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. Future research exploring genital shape variation in 3D will offer new insights into evolutionary mechanisms because internal vaginal structures are variable and can form complex spirals. 相似文献
9.
Early Vaginal Opening in Juvenile Female Rats Given BRAF‐Inhibitor Dabrafenib Is Not Associated with Early Physiologic Sexual Maturation 下载免费PDF全文
Lorraine M. Posobiec Justin D. Vidal Angela Hughes‐Earle Susan B. Laffan Timothy Hart 《Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology》2015,104(6):244-252
Dabrafenib (DAB), an inhibitor of BRAF kinase activity, is approved for metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E mutation. In support of pediatric cancer development, a nonclinical juvenile rat toxicity study was conducted in which females had early vaginal opening (VO). It was hypothesized that the early VO was not indicative of sexual maturation, but a result of a local effect on the vagina. An investigative study was conducted that mimicked the definitive study design, with rats given DAB or vehicle orally from Postnatal Day (PND) 7 to 35 and with necropsy subsets just before VO, at the first and second estrus, along with age‐matched controls. Histopathology was performed on reproductive tissues, including immunohistochemistry for BRAF expression. VO occurred earlier in DAB females than in controls (PND 27.2 vs. 31.5); however, the timing of the first estrus was unaffected (PND 34.0 vs. 33.0). DAB‐treated females evaluated just before VO (PND 22.0) had mostly immature reproductive tracts with no evidence of ovulation, similar to age‐matched controls; however, DAB‐treated females had keratinized and histologically open vaginas. Also, there was raised skin around the urogenital area, which correlated with hyperplasia/keratosis of the vulvar skin and keratinization of the distal vagina. BRAF expression (evaluated in controls) was localized to these tissues. Thus, early VO in rats given DAB likely represents a local effect accelerating vaginal keratinization to become open and not accelerated sexual maturation 相似文献
10.
Kingsley C. Anukam Emmanuel O. Osazuwa Ijeoma Ahonkhai Gregor Reid 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(10):1055-1060
The identity of lactobacilli colonizing Africa-American women, have previously been based on culture-dependent methods. This led to some misleading speculations that black women lack lactobacilli in their vagina and are therefore highly susceptible to Bacterial vaginosis and STDs including HIV. In this study we used culture-independent procedures.About 241 vaginal swabs were obtained from ‘apparently’ healthy premenopausal women, between 18 and 48 years. Samples were Gram stained for the Nugent score evaluation. DNA was extracted from the bacteria on the vaginal swabs and amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with Lactobacillus primers. Samples with PCR products were separated with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and cut bands were re-amplified with Lactobacillus primers without the GC clamp. The re-amplified product was purified and sequenced with ABI PRISM Big-Dye Terminator. The sequence was identified with BLAST algorithm having the highest Gene Bank Accession number.Out of the 241 vaginal swab samples, 207 (85.8%) had PCR products, indicating the presence of lactobacilli, while 34 (14.2%) showed absence of lactobacilli and the Nugent scores were synonymous to either intermediate bacterial vaginosis or bacterial vaginosis (BV). Out of the 207 samples that had PCR product for Lactobacillus, 149 (72%) had sequence results as revealed by the BLAST algorithm. Most of the women (64%) were colonized by Lactobacillus iners as the predominant strain. Lactobacillus gasseri had 7.3%, followed by L. plantarum and L suntoryeus (6.0%) each. Others were colonized by Lactobacillus crispatus (3.0%), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (2.7%), Lactobacillus vaginalis (2.7%), Lactobacillus rennanqilfy (2.7%), followed by Lactobacillus fermentum (1.3%), Lactobacillus helveticus (1.3%), Lactobacillus johnsonii (1.3%) and Lactobacillus salivarus (1.3%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Lactobacillus iners being the predominant species colonizing the vagina of the Nigerian women examined. This finding is in line with those from a recent study conducted among Canadian and Swedish women. 相似文献