Secoiridoids and xanthones in the shoots and roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Centaurium pulchellum</Emphasis> cultured <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

Summary The qualitative and quantitative composition of secondary metabolites was studied in the shoots and roots of Centaurium pulchellum cultured in vitro. Secoiridoids (gentiopierin, swertiamarin, and sweroside) and xanthones (methylbellidifolin, demethyleustomin, and deccussatin) were isolated. Sweroside was found to be the major secoiridoid compound in the aerial parts of plants growing in nature. while swertiamarin dominated in plants cultured in vitro. In roots of all plants, genciopicrin was the major compound. Xanthone demethyleustomin was the major compound both in the shoots and roots of plants growing in nature and cultured in vitro. Different sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) added in different concentrations in the medium affected the production of secondary compounds.     

滇龙胆中萜类物质积累的动态变化

滇龙胆（Gentiana rigescens）为传统中药材。采用单因素方差分析比较不同生长季节滇龙胆的根部及茎叶部位龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷及当药苷含量的动态变化。结果表明,在不同生长季节,滇龙胆的根部与茎叶部位3种有效成分的含量具明显差异。龙胆苦苷主要积累于根部;獐牙菜苦苷、当药苷主要积累于茎叶部位。相关性分析表明,龙胆苦苷含量受气候因子的影响,月平均温度与茎叶部位龙胆苦苷含量呈极显著负相关（R=-0.57,P〈0.01）,月降水量与根部、茎叶部位龙胆苦苷含量呈显著（R=-0.48,P〈0.05）或极显著（R=-0.74,P〈0.01）负相关;根中当药苷含量与獐牙菜苦苷含量呈极显著正相关（R=0.62,P〈0.01）,茎叶部位獐牙菜苦苷含量与当药苷含量呈显著正相关（R=0.38,P〈0.05）。研究结果表明,滇龙胆中龙胆苦苷含量受降水量和温度的影响;龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷及当药苷的含量变动具相关性;9-11月较适宜滇龙胆药材的采收。     

栽培藏药材麻花艽中四种苦苷类成分含量的季节性变化

采用高效液相色谱法,测定了栽培藏药材麻花艽根中龙胆苦苷、落干酸、獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷四种苦苷类成分的含量及其在不同生长期的动态变化。结果表明,四种苦苷类成分随植物的发育节律而波动。龙胆苦苷的含量是评价药材质量的重要指标。龙胆苦苷的含量虽然在7月有个积累的高峰期,但7月为花期,从资源可持续利用的角度考虑,不宜定为采收期,到9月含量又有所增加,故而确定栽培藏药麻花艽根的适宜采收期应在9~10月之间。     

4种秦艽属植物不同器官中4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量的比较分析

利用HPLC法测定了秦艽(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)、粗茎秦艽(G.crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.)、麻花秦艽(G.straminea Maxim.)和小秦艽(G.dahurica Fisch.)根、茎、叶和花中4种环烯醚萜苷成分(包括马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苷)的含量,并对来源于不同产地秦艽和小秦艽不同器官4种环烯醚萜苷成分的含量进行了比较。结果显示:4种秦艽属植物不同器官4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量差异明显,来源于3个产地(陕西太白、甘肃西河乡和马狭)的秦艽和2个产地(青海互助和陕西麟游)的小秦艽不同器官中4种环烯醚萜苷含量也均具有明显差异。4种秦艽属植物根、茎、叶和花中龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量分别为质量分数5.996%～10.869%、0.310%～4.065%、0.235%～4.138%和0.545%～5.591%;根中獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷的质量分数分别为0.516%～0.953%和0.042%～0.210%,茎中分别为0.173%～0.383%和0.031%～1.700%,叶中分别为0.068%～0.684%和0.020%～3.208%,花中分别为0.460%～0.832%和0.138%～3.827%。粗茎秦艽各器官龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量均最高,小秦艽各器官龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量均最低,总体上,秦艽和粗茎秦艽中龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量高于小秦艽和麻花秦艽;小秦艽茎、叶和花中獐牙菜苷含量均最高,而秦艽茎和叶及粗茎秦艽花中獐牙菜苷含量均最低。4种秦艽属植物根部龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸含量均明显高于茎、叶和花,獐牙菜苦苷在根和花中的积累较多,獐牙菜苷在花中的含量均相对最高。产自青海互助的小秦艽茎、叶和花中獐牙菜苷含量均最高,质量分数分别为2.884%、5.215%和7.321%。研究结果表明:4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量不但与植物种类和器官有关,而且与产地和采样时间也有关。     

Secoiridoid content of Blackstonia perfoliata in vivo and in vitro

Summary This study reports the analysis of secondary metabolites of gentiopicrin, swertiamarin, and sweroside in shoot and root cultures of yellow wort (Blackstonia perfoliata), which were initiated from seeds, grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Shoot cultures of B. perfoliata were inoculated with suspension of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS and hairy roots appeared at the infected sites after 3 wk of inoculation. Tips of adventitious roots of B. perfoliata were grown on hormone-free MS medium and three clones of the transformed roots regenerated shoots spontaneously. Gentiopicrin, swertiamarin, and sweroside were detected in both roots and shoots of B. perfoliata in vitro and in vivo, but gentiopicrin was found to be the major compound. The concentration of growth regulator in the medium affected the production of secoiridoids in B. perfoliata in vitro, where the level of gentiopicrin was higher in plants grown in the presence of indole-3-butyric acid, but the presence of 6-benzylaminopurine was inhibitory to secoiridoid production.     

响应面法优化獐牙菜苦苷生物转化条件

采用响应面法对獐牙菜苦苷的生物转化条件进行优化,首先应用Plackett-Burman方法筛选出对转化具有显著性影响的因素,再用中心响应面法的Response Optimizer工具对最优转化条件进行了分析和预测,最后对预测结果进行了验证。结果表明,獐牙菜新碱的最优化转化条件(mg/mL)为MgSO4.7H2O 5.14、MnSO4.4H2O 3.42、葡萄糖9.95、蛋白胨9.24、pH5.80。在此条件下獐牙菜新碱的最大转化产率为17.64%;红百金花内酯的最优转化条件(mg/mL)为MgSO4.7H2O 4.09、MnSO4.4H2O6.07、葡萄糖7.37、酵母膏7.37,pH5.73。在此条件下红百金花内酯的最大转化产率为8.81%。     

Flavonoid glycosides and a bitter principle from lomatogonium carinthiacum

Three flavone glycosides, including the novel 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-gentiobioside, and a bitter secoiridoid glycoside, swertiamarin, have been identified in the aerial parts of Lomatogonium carinthiacum. Four minor xanthone glycosides were also detected. Separations were made with droplet counter-current chromatography (DCCC) in combination with column chromatography. Structure elucidation was achieved by UV, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, FDMS and D/CIMS spectra.     

HPLC测定7种龙胆科植物花中龙胆苦苷与獐牙菜苦苷的含量

目的:建立7种龙胆花中龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苦苷含量测定的HPLC方法。方法:采用微波辅助动态回流法进行提取,色谱条件:Fusion-RP 80 A C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱(0~25 min:15%~30%);流速:1 mL/min;柱温:30℃;检测波长240 nm。结果:7种龙胆花中獐牙菜苦苷和龙胆苦苷的色谱峰与共存组分完全达到基线分离,线性范围分别为0.105~0.945μg(r=0.999 9),0.3~0.7μg(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率分别为97.8%(RSD=1.02%),98.9%(RSD=1.51%)。结论:所建立的方法测定快速,结果准确可靠。