Lichens on lignum in the coastal regions of western Spitsbergen (Svalbard)

Eighteen species of eleven lichen genera were found on driftwood and worked timber deposited on the beaches in the Hornsund and Billefjorden regions (the west coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago). Majority of them indicate low substrate specificity in the high arctic regions. Only three species (Caloplaca spitsbergensis, Lecanora mughicola, L. orae-frigidae) are typical for lignum. Most of the taxa are widespread in Svalbard. Species like: Caloplaca holocarpa, C. spitsbergensis, Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella, Rinodina archaea were sporadically reported till now. Lecanora mughicola was not reported from Svalbard up to the present and this is the first record of the species for the region.     

山东海岸木生海洋真菌的研究 Ⅲ

Five species of higher marine fungi were observed on the incubated drift and intertidal woods collected from the coasts of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Among them, Halosphaeriopsis was a genus newly recorded for China. Taxonomy and morphology of these species were discussed in this paper. The specimens were deposited in Mycology Herbarium at Qingdao Agricultural University (MHQAU).     

山东海岸木生海洋真菌的研究Ⅶ

从山东省渤海、黄海海域检查到4种海壳目真菌,分别为Aniptodera chesapeakensis、Ligninco lalaevis、Nais inornata、Natantispora retorquens,子囊孢子均为椭圆形、双胞、无色。本文对这4个种的形态学进行了描述和讨论。研究标本和菌种保存于青岛农业大学真菌学标本室(MHQAU)。     

Ecology of tropical marine fungi

Lignicolous material was collected from 5 marine locations in Brunei: a rocky headland, a sandy beach, a man-made brackish lake, a healthy mangrove and an oil polluted mangrove. Higher marine fungi present were identified and their percentage occurrence noted. The common marine fungi varied from habitat to habitat. Antennospora quadricornuta was most common at the rocky headland, Corollospora pulchella at the sandy beach and Halosarpheia marina at the brackish lake. In the mangroves the most common species were Halocyphina villosa (healthy) and Cirrenalia pygmea and Lulworthia grandispora (oil polluted). Differences in species composition from one habitat to the next were observed, although some fungi occurred throughout. There were significantly less diversity and numbers of fungi in the oil polluted mangrove when compared to the healthy mangrove. Observations concerning the ecology of tropical marine fungi are made.     

Island-dominated landscapes of large floodplain rivers, a European perspective

1. The landscapes of large floodplain rivers are characterised by heterogeneous environments related to the interplay of flood flows, sediment transport and vegetation dynamics.
2. The large rivers of Europe, and probably most rivers throughout the forest biomes, were characterised by islands but over the period of major human interference, many have become dominated by incision and narrowing so that they are now characterised by single-thread and relatively simple channel forms.
3. Vegetation plays an active role in developing heterogeneous channel forms through (a) biotic processes such as seed dispersal, vegetative regeneration and succession and (b) abiotic effects such as increasing flow resistance inducing sedimentation, and decreasing bank erodibility.
4. In particular, accumulations of living driftwood (cf. dead driftwood accumulations and dispersed seedlings) accelerate sedimentation and island development.
5. River reaches with vegetated islands have a high habitat diversity.
6. The natural influences of flood disturbance, wood accumulation, vegetation growth, island development and tree die-off, cause island-dominated reaches to undergo cycles of island growth and decay that are related to cycles of aquatic habitat diversification and simplification.     

Wood-inhabiting marine fungi from the coast of Shandong, China Ⅲ

Five species of higher marine fungi were observed on the incubated drift and intertidal woods collected from the coasts of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Among them, Halosphaeriopsis was a genus newly recorded for China. Taxonomy and morphology of these species were discussed in this paper. The specimens were deposited in Mycology Herbarium at Qingdao Agricultural University （MHQAU）.     

New Metabolites Produced by Cylindrocarpon sp. SY‐39 from a Driftwood

Four novel compounds, cylindropyrone A ( 1 ), 10′‐hydroxyilicicolinic acid D ( 3 ), cylindrolactones A ( 4 ) and B ( 5 ), together with known dihydroinfectopyrone ( 2 ) were isolated from the culture of Cylindrocarpon sp. SY‐39 from a driftwood. Their structures were elucidated using 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Compound 3 showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 5.0 μg/mL.     

Effect of diet on oxygen uptake rate in the talitrid amphipod Platorchestia platensis

ABSTRACT

The primary ecotope for Platorchestia platensis is supralittoral wrack, but occasionally this species may be found living in, and feeding on, rotting driftwood as a secondary ecotope. Lower oxygen uptake rates were measured for driftwood-fed compared with wrack-fed P. platensis. The null hypothesis that the metabolic rate in P. platensis would remain unchanged after reversing the diet from driftwood to wrack was rejected. Diet reversal experiments demonstrated that the oxygen consumption rates of P. platensis were reversible and gradually attained. This is consistent with the change of diet from wrack to driftwood, or vice versa, causing physiological changes involving oxygen consumption in P. platensis, which are described as acclimation rather than adaptation.     

A new species of spiny driftwood catfish Spinipterus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the Amazon basin

An expedition to the middle Rio Purus basin uncovered a remarkable new species of the genus Spinipterus. The new species has a very distinct and conspicuous colour pattern resembling a jaguar and it is almost four times larger than Spinipterus acsi, a small specimen (32 mm L_S) from Caño Santa Rita, a right bank tributary of Río Nanay in Peru and a second specimen was reported from Rio Juruá, Amazonas State, Brazil. Although the new species is more similar in size and colour pattern to Liosomadoras, it shares the synapomorphies for Spinipterus. The new species differs from the congener by the following characters: (a) colour pattern with large black rosette-like spots over a light yellow to brown background (v. brown background with small dark blotches over the body); (b) adult body size reaching 104.5 mm L_S (v. maximum known size 37.1 mm L_S); (c) posterior process of cleithrum short, never reaching vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (v. posterior process long, surpassing vertical through the dorsal-fin origin); (d) seven soft pectoral-fin rays (v. six); (e) caudal fin truncated (v. caudal fin rounded).