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排序方式: 共有96条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
Effect of nitrate and ammonium concentration on nitrate reductase activity in five species of mycorrhizal fungi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tytti Sarjala 《Physiologia plantarum》1990,79(1):65-70
The nitrate reducing capacity of pure cultures of Cenococcum geophilum (Sow.) Ferd. & Winge, Paxillus involutes (Batsch: Fr.) Fr. (strains 1 and 2), Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjortst., Suillus variegatus (Fr.) O. Kuntze (strains 1 and 2) and an ectendomycorrhizal (E-strain) fungus was measured using an in vivo nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.3) assay. Differences between species and strains were established. The nitrate concentration of the culture medium influenced the nitrate reductase activities of the E-strain fungus and one strain of S. variegatus. The nitrate reductase activity of certain species and strains was a function of nitrate concentration. Addition of ammonium to the growth medium did not have any significant effect on the in vivo or in vitro nitrate reductase activity. The in vivo nitrate reductase activity in the mycelia of C. geophilum and the E-strain fungus decreased during 28 day growth in modified Melin-Norkrans medium. For mycelia of Paxillus involutus, Piloderma croceum and S. variegatus grown on agar the in vitro assays showed higher nitrate reductase activity than the in vivo assays. 相似文献
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The inter- and intracellular distribution of the elements calcium, potassium and sodium in non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal roots of Pinus sylvestris dependent on different external nutrient supply conditions was detected by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis after cryofixation, freeze-drying and pressure infiltration of the material. In non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal roots, calcium was mainly detectable in the apoplastic regions. The levels in vacuoles and cytoplasm were near the limits of detection by X-ray microanalysis. Incubation with high concentrations of potassium and sodium, or mycorrhizal infection with Suillus bovinus and Pisolithus tinctorius reduced the amounts of calcium detectable in the roots, especially in the apoplast of cortical cells. The studies revealed that: potassium is mainly localized in cytoplasm and cell walls; the cytoplasmic content is regulated over a wide range of external potassium concentrations; potassium levels in the inner parts of roots are higher than in the outer parts. Mycorrhizal infection with Suillus bovinus had no effect on the inter- and intracellular distribution of potassium in roots but, if the external supply was low, the potassium content in shoots was reduced. In non-mycorrhizal pine roots and those infected with Paxillus involutus an increase in the sodium content of all cell compartments was observed after treatment with high external concentrations of NaH2 PO4 . However, an increase in sodium content in mycorrhizas of S. bovinus was not detected. The X-ray microanalytical results are discussed in relation to the apoplastic movement of nutrients in non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal fine roots of pine and to the demand for these nutrients in different intracellular compartments. 相似文献
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Under laboratory conditions, spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi usually germinate very poorly or not at all. In a previous study,
we showed that spores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus bovinus germinated through the combination of activated charcoal treatment of media and co-culture with seedlings of Pinus densiflora, which suggested that some substances contained in root exudates induced the germination. Among the compounds reported from
root exudates, flavonoids have been elucidated to play various and substantial roles in plant–microbe interactions; we therefore
investigated the effects of flavonoids on basidiospore germination of S. bovinus by the diffusion gradient assay on water agar plates pretreated with charcoal powder. Seven out of the 11 flavonoids tested,
hesperidin, morin, rutin, quercitrin, naringenin, genistein, and chrysin, had greater effects than controls, whereas flavone,
biochanin A, luteolin, and quercetin showed no positive effects. The effective concentration presumably corresponded to several
micromolar levels, which was equivalent to those effective for pollen development, nod gene induction, and spore germination of F. solani f. sp. pisi and AM fungi. The results suggest that flavonoids play a role as signaling molecules in symbiotic relationships between woody
plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi. 相似文献
6.
Genetic isolation between two recently diverged populations of a symbiotic fungus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Sara Branco Pierre Gladieux Christopher E. Ellison Alan Kuo Kurt LaButti Anna Lipzen Igor V. Grigoriev Hui‐Ling Liao Rytas Vilgalys Kabir G. Peay John W. Taylor Thomas D. Bruns 《Molecular ecology》2015,24(11):2747-2758
Fungi are an omnipresent and highly diverse group of organisms, making up a significant part of eukaryotic diversity. Little is currently known about the drivers of fungal population differentiation and subsequent divergence of species, particularly in symbiotic, mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we investigate the population structure and environmental adaptation in Suillus brevipes (Peck) Kuntze, a wind‐dispersed soil fungus that is symbiotic with pine trees. We assembled and annotated the reference genome for Su. brevipes and resequenced the whole genomes of 28 individuals from coastal and montane sites in California. We detected two clearly delineated coast and mountain populations with very low divergence. Genomic divergence was restricted to few regions, including a region of extreme divergence containing a gene encoding for a membrane Na+/H+ exchanger known for enhancing salt tolerance in plants and yeast. Our results are consistent with a very recent split between the montane and coastal Su. brevipes populations, with few small genomic regions under positive selection and a pattern of dispersal and/or establishment limitation. Furthermore, we identify a putatively adaptive gene that motivates further functional analyses to link genotypes and phenotypes and shed light on the genetic basis of adaptive traits. 相似文献
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Colpaert JV Adriaensen K Muller LA Lambaerts M Faes C Carleer R Vangronsveld J 《Mycorrhiza》2005,15(8):628-634
Zn pollution has triggered evolution for adaptive Zn tolerance in populations of Suilloid ectomycorrhizal fungi. The objectives
of this study were to determine differential physiological responses that are linked to the Zn tolerance trait and to obtain
more insight in the general mechanism responsible for the differential growth in Zn-enriched medium. Therefore, we identified
intrinsic growth rates and element profiles in Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant genotypes. Isolates from Zn-polluted and unpolluted
sites were exposed in vitro to increasing Zn2+ stress. The Zn concentration which inhibits growth by 50% (EC50) was determined, and element (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mg, Ca and P) profiles in the mycelia were analysed. The intraspecific variation
in growth rate and nutrient content of the in vitro grown mycelia is great and was not reduced in Zn-tolerant populations.
The Zn resistance was not correlated to the intrinsic mycelial growth rate of the isolates or to the concentrations of the
elements analysed, except for Zn. At low external Zn, Zn-resistant genotypes had lower Zn concentrations than sensitive isolates.
At high external Zn, the differential Zn accumulation pattern between resistant and sensitive isolates became very prominent.
Zn-exclusion mechanisms are most likely involved in the naturally selected adaptive Zn resistance. Other mechanisms of Zn
detoxification such as sequestration of Zn on cell wall compounds or intracellular chelation and/or compartmentation are probably
active but cannot explain the differential Zn sensitivity of the isolates. 相似文献
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