Competition between wild-type and a marked recombinant baculovirus (Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus) with enhanced speed of action in insect larvae

Competition between virus genotypes in insect hosts is a key element of virus fitness, affecting their long-term persistence in agro-ecosystems. Little information is available on virus competition in insect hosts or during serial passages from one cohort of hosts to the next. Here we report on the competition between two genotypes of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), when serially passaged as mixtures in cohorts of 4th instar S. exigua larvae. One of the genotypes was a SeMNPV wild-type isolate, SeUS1, while the other was a SeMNPV recombinant (SeMNPV-XD1) having a greater speed of kill than SeUS1. SeXD1 lacks a suite of genes, including the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyl transferase (egt) gene. SeXD1 expresses the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, enabling the identification of SeXD1 in cell culture and in insects. The relative proportion of SeUS1 and SeXD1 in successive passages of mixed infections in various ratios was determined by plaque assays of budded virus from infected larvae and by polymerase chain reactions and restriction enzyme analyses. The SeUS1 genotype outcompeted recombinant SeXD1 over successive passages. Depending on the initial virus genotype ratio, the recombinant SeXD1 was no longer detected after 6-12 passages. A mathematical model was developed to characterize the competition dynamics. Overall, the ratio SeUS1/XD1 increased by a factor 1.9 per passage. The findings suggest that under the experimental conditions recombinant SeXD1 is displaced by the wild-type strain SeUS1, but further studies are needed to ascertain that this is also the case when the same baculoviruses would be used in agro-ecosystems.     

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒泛素基因的克隆及原核表达

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spotoptera exigua multi-nucleopolyhedrovirus,SeMNPV)泛素基因ubiquitin被克隆和序列分析,该基因编码区全长243bp,编码80个氨基酸残基,预计蛋白质分子量为9.4kDa。将这一ubiquitin基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a上,转化至BL21（DE3）中,用IPTG进行诱导表达,对表达的条件进行优化,用异源的泛素单克隆抗体检测目的蛋白,Western blot 实验证明所表达的蛋白是泛素蛋白。同时,我们制备了特异性的抗体,为以后的研究工作做了基础,通过计算机软件Gendoc对不同来源的泛素进行分析,结果显示,病毒中的泛素与真核细胞中的泛素相比较,泛素的氨基酸序列有较大的变化,杆状病毒的深入素基因在分子进化上可能有比较独特的途径。     

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒泛素基因的克隆及原核表达

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒(Spotoptera exigua multi-nucleopolyhedrovirus,SeMNPV)泛素基因ubiquitin被克隆和序列分析,该基因编码区全长243bp,编码80个氨基酸残基,预计蛋白质分子量为9.4kDa.将这一ubiquitin基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a上,转化至BL21(DE3)中,用IPTG进行诱导表达,对表达的条件进行了优化.用异源的泛素单克隆抗体检测目的蛋白,Western blot实验证明所表达的蛋白是泛素蛋白.同时,我们制备了特异性的抗体,为以后的研究工作做了基础.通过计算机软件Gendoc对不同来源的泛素进行分析,结果显示,病毒中的泛素与真核细胞中的泛素相比较,泛素的氨基酸序列有较大的变化,杆状病毒的泛素基因在分子进化上可能有比较独特的途径.     

The Function of SeMNPV IAP3 in Mammalian Cells

The baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis play a significant role in infectivity and viral host-range, which make them potential candidates for the engineering and improvement of baculovirus insecticidal. The iap3 gene of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), amplified by PCR, was 939 bp encoding IAP3. The PCR product was cloned into EcoR I/Bam H I of the plasmid pEGFP-C1. GFP was fused to the N-terminaus of IAP3 to study distribution in HEK293. It was observed that the plasmid expressing IAP3 significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by cisplatin in HEK293 cells. We conclude that the IAP3 of SeMNPV is functional in mammalian cells.     

荧光定量PCR技术检测样品中SeMNPV有效含量

采用NCBI提供的BLAST软件在线检索SeMNPV特异性基因ORF22、ORF40,并将其构建到pMD18-T载体上。以纯化的pMD18-T-ORF22、pMD18-T-ORF40质粒为标准样品,已计数野生型SeMNPV的基因组作对照,用荧光定量PCR检测样品中SeMNPV多角体含量。荧光定量PCR检测得到标准曲线方程为con=10(-0.282CT 9.965)(相关系数:R2=0.9997)和con=10(-0.296CT 9.945)(相关系数:R2=0.9995)。测得一个SeMNPV多角体包含102核酸分子,检测到SeMNPV复合剂包含633PIBs/mg、691PIBs/mgSeMNPV多角体,两者结果一致。与复合剂中SeMNPV实际含量相符。     

荧光定量PCR技术检测样品中SeMNPV有效含量

采用NCBI提供的BLAST软件在线检索SeMNPV特异性基因ORF22、ORF40,并将其构建到pMD18-T载体上.以纯化的pMD18-T-ORF22、pMD18-T-ORF40质粒为标准样品,已计数野生型SeMNPV的基因组作对照,用荧光定量PCR检测样品中SeMNPV多角体含量.荧光定量PCR检测得到标准曲线方程为con=10(-0.282CT+9.965) (相关系数R2=0.9997)和con=10(-0.296CT+9.945) (相关系数R2＝0.9995).测得一个SeMNPV多角体包含102核酸分子,检测到SeMNPV复合剂包含 633 PIBs/mg、691 PIBs/mg SeMNPV多角体,两者结果一致.与复合剂中SeMNPV实际含量相符.     

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒BAC-TO-BAC外源基因表达系统的建立

用直接克隆法将miniF-lacZ-attFn7-kan 片段插入甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, SeMNPV）〖JP〗美国分离株（SeUS1）基因组的多角体蛋白基因框内,miniF是大肠杆菌F因子复制子,携带miniF的重组病毒能够在大肠杆菌中低拷贝稳定复制,称为bacmid。由于SeUS1由不同的SeMNPV基因型组成,每个bacmid携带了一种病毒基因型,所有bacmid构成了SeUS1分离株的BAC文库。REN对111个bacmid分析表明,SeUS1分离株中除了包含具有完整SeMNPV遗传信息的基因型外,还包括不同类型的缺失基因型。将具有完整SeMNPV基因组的基因型SeBAC10转染昆虫细胞,可产生子代病毒,故SeBAC10是一种在真核细胞和原核细胞中均能复制的穿梭质粒。因为SeBAC10中多角体蛋白基因(Seph)被插入失活,将Seph作为报告基因通过位点特异性重组方式插入位于LacZ框内转座子Tn7的附着靶位点attTn7,得到重组SeBAC10 (即SeBAC10ph)转染甜菜夜蛾培养细胞Se301后,细胞出现典型的病理变化,核中出现多角体,证明SeMNPV BAC-TO-BAC外源基因表达载体系统构建成功。     

Cell line-specific accumulation of the baculovirus non-hr origin of DNA replication in infected insect cells

Successive viral passage of Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) in the S. exigua cell line Se301 leads to the rapid accumulation of the non-hr origin of DNA replication (ori) as large concatemers. Passage of SeMNPV in two other S. exigua cell lines, SeUCR1 and SeIZD2109, did not show the accumulation of such concatemers. When introduced into SeUCR1 and SeIZD2109 cells, the non-hr ori concatemers generated in Se301 cells were maintained but did not increase. This suggests that the non-hr ori confers a strong selective advantage in Se301 cells, but not or to a lesser extent in the other cell lines. The cell line-specific accumulation of non-hr ori concatemers might be due to a higher intrinsic recombination frequency in Se301 cells and may reflect tissue related differences involving some host cell factor(s). Since non-hr ori concatemers in Se301 cells were more abundant in intracellular than in extracellular viral DNA preparations, episomal replication and the requirement of a minimal DNA size for packaging into nucleocapsids is hypothesized.     

The function of SeMNPV IAP3 in mammalian cells

The baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis play a significant role in infectivity and viral host-range, which make them potential candidates for the engineering and improvement of baculovirus insecticidal. The iap3 gene of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), amplified by PCR, was 939 bp encoding IAP3. The PCR product was cloned into EcoR I/Bam H I of the plasmid pEGFP-C1. GFP was fused to the N-terminaus of IAP3 to study distribution in HEK293. It was observed that the plasmid expressing IAP3 significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by cisplatin in HEK293 cells. We conclude that the IAP3 of SeMNPV is functional in mammalian cells.     

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒sod基因的克隆及原核表达

甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒中国株(Spotoptera exigua MNPV-Z)超氧化物歧化酶基因(sod)业已被克隆及在大肠杆菌中进行了表达,证明了SeMNPV-Z的sod基因产物确有SOD活性,其活力单位约为291.19U/ mL培养液.DNA测序结果表明SeMNPV-Z的sod基因编码151个氨基酸,与人的sod1基因的核苷酸的同源性为50%,与LdNPV、HaSNPV、HcNPV、AcNPV和BmNPV的sod基因的同源性分别为64%、63%、63%、65%、63%.