Single nucleotide polymorphism of CD40 in the 5′-untranslated region is associated with ischemic stroke

Objectives

Ischemic stroke is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The CD40/CD40L system is related to proinflammatory and prothrombogenic responses, which are involved in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate association between the CD40 -1C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and ischemic stroke in a Chinese population.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study including 286 ischemic stroke patients and 336 controls. CD40 -1C/T SNP was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods, and evaluated its relevance to ischemic stroke susceptibility.

Results

Significantly increased ischemic stroke risk was found to be associated with the T allele of CD40 -1C/T (OR = 1.273, 95% CI = 1.016–1.594). The frequencies of CT and TT/CT genotypes of CD40 -1C/T in ischemic stroke patients were significantly higher than those of controls, respectively (for CT: OR = 2.350, 95% CI = 1.601–3.449; for TT/CT: OR = 2.148, 95% CI = 1.479–3.119). And, similar results were obtained after adjusting non-matched variables. We found that the frequency of carried T genotypes (TT and TT/CT) was significantly increased in patients with history of stroke compared with patients without (for TT: OR = 6.538, 95%CI = 1.655–25.833; for TT/CT: OR = 3.469, 95%CI = 1.031–11.670), respectively.

Conclusions

The findings suggested that the CD40 -1C/T polymorphism might contribute to the susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the Chinese population, and might be associated with history of previous stroke.     

Urine as a source for clinical proteome analysis: From discovery to clinical application

The success of clinical proteome analysis should be assessed based on the clinical impact following implementation of findings. Although there have been several technological advancements in mass spectrometry in the last years, these have not resulted in similar advancements in clinical proteomics. In addition, application of proteomic biomarkers in clinical diagnostics and practical improvement in the disease management is extremely rare. In this review, we discuss the relevant issues associated with identification of robust biomarkers of clinical value. Urine appears to be an ideal source of biomarkers, for theoretical, methodological, and practical reasons. Therefore, this review is focused on the search for biomarkers in urine within the last decade. Urine can be used for non-invasive assessment of a variety of diseases including those affecting the urogenital tract and also other pathologies such as cardiovascular disease or appendicitis. We also discuss the importance of data validation, an essential step in translating biomarkers into the clinical practice. Furthermore, we examine several examples of apparently successful proteomic biomarker discovery studies and their implications for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy evaluation. We also discuss some current challenges in this field and reflect on future research prospects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biomarkers: A Proteomic Challenge.     

CCR5 Is a Therapeutic Target for Recovery after Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury

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卒中后抑郁与血清炎性细胞因子水平及神经功能损害的相关性分析

目的：探讨急性脑梗死患者不同时间卒中后抑郁（PSD）发病与血清炎性细胞因子水平、神经功能缺损、日常生活能力的相关性。方法：用Hamilton抑郁量表（HDRS）筛查280例符合条件的急性脑梗死患者急性期与恢复期PSD的发病情况,并同时测定血清炎性细胞因子hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6的水平,NIHSS评分进行神经功能缺损评估,Barthel指数进行日常生活能力的评估,分析PSD的发生与各因素之间的相关性,采用多因素logistic回归分析进行危险因素分析。结果：脑梗死恢复期PSD的发病率高于急性期,但无明显差异。急性期PSD组血清炎性细胞因子水平高于非PSD组,有显著性差异,而急性期、恢复期神经功能缺损和日常生活能力与非PSD组比较均有显著性差异;急性期血清TNF-α、IL-6和Barthel指数,恢复期NIHSS评分、Barthel指数与PSD发生的OR值分别1.765、1.646、1.817、1.188、2.015。结论：PSD的发病机制在病程的不同时间可能存在着差异,急性期血清升高的炎性细胞因子水平和降低的日常生活能力,恢复期神经功能缺损的程度和降低的日常生活能力是不同时间PSD发病的危险因素。     

西比灵联合NGF对脑出血患者的NIHSS、ADL评分及血肿体积改善效果

摘要 目的：研究西比灵联合神经生长因子(NGF)对脑出血患者的NIHSS、ADL评分及血肿体积影响。方法：研究对象选取我院2015年9月到2016年10月间收治的脑出血98例,采用随机数字法分为2组,每组各49例。对照组接受常规基础性治疗,在此基础上,研究组患者口服西比灵联合肌肉注射NGF治疗。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率,同时比较血肿、水肿带体积、神经功能缺损量表(NIHSS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分、神经源性营养因子（BDNF）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗后,两组总有效率比较差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组血肿体积、水肿带体积比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组血肿体积、水肿带体积随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组NIHSS、ADL评分比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组NIHSS随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,ADL评分随着时间的推移而升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组BDNF、MCP-1、NSE比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组MCP-1、NSE随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,BDNF随着时间的推移而升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;两组不良反应比较无效显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：脑出血患者应用西比灵联合NGF效果可靠,可明显减少继发性损伤,且治疗安全性较高,值得在临床推广。