广西种子植物小资料

几年来,我所在中草药资源调查工作中,发现一些我国及广西未曾记录过的植物,现整理成文,以供有关部门参考。本文引用的标本均收藏在广西中医药研究所植物标本室(GXMI)。 山椒子水番挑(博白)番落技科Annonaceae Uvar花a grandiflora Roxb.in FI.Ind.2:665.1524;李秉滔,植物分类学报14(1):98.2976,蒋英,李秉滔,中国植物志30(2):26,图版10. 1979。 广西东南部:博白县,浪平公社,水库边1971年5月9日,王鉴均2247外北流县,隆盛公社,天堂,坡地疏林中,1977年9月26日北流调查队8一44口7。 分布:广东南部,广西东南部;印度、缅甸、泰国、越南、马来…     

Formation and Some Properties of the Acid Phosphatase in Aspergillus terreus

Substrate specificity of purified preparations of phytase from Asp, terreus was examined. The enzyme showed broad specificity. It was found that Asp, terreus produced only one kind of acid phosphatase and it had phytase activity.

Effective materials for the enzyme formation were examined. The formation of the enzyme occurred only during times that mycelia was in contact with inositol.

By differential centrifugation and electron-microscopic autoradiography, it was determined that inositol was incorporated into the mycelia and that it was located at almost the same point as where the active enzyme was located.     

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTEDDevelopment of microsatellite markers in the noxious red tide‐causing dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama (Dinophyceae)

We isolated 15 polymorphic microsatellites from one of the most noxious red tide‐causing dinoflagellate species, Heterocapsa circularisquama. These loci provide one class of highly variable genetic markers, as the number of alleles ranged from two to six, and the estimate of gene diversity was from 0.205 to 0.684 across the 15 microsatellites. These loci have the potential to reveal genetic structure and gene flow among H. circularisquama populations.     

Mating for convenience or genetic diversity? Mating patterns in the polygynous ant Plagiolepis pygmaea

Several genetic and nongenetic benefits have been proposed toexplain multiple mating (polyandry) in animals, to compensatefor costs associated with obtaining additional mates. The mostprominent hypotheses stress the benefits of increased geneticdiversity. In social insects, queens of most species mate onlyonce or have effective mating frequencies close to one. Yet,in a few species of ants, bees, and wasps, polyandry is therule. In these species, colonies are usually headed by a singlequeen, whereas multiple queening adds diversity in several ofthe remaining species, especially in ants. Here we investigatedmating frequency, inbreeding and relatedness between the queensand their mates in the polygynous ant Plagiolepis pygmaea, andthe effect of polyandry on the genetic diversity as a functionof the effective population size of individual colonies. Ourresults show that polyandry occurs frequently in the species.However, queens are frequently inseminated by close relatives,and additional sires add little genetic diversity among offspringof individual queens. In addition, the increase in diversityat the colony level is only marginal. Hence, contrary to establishednotions, polyandry in P. pygmaea seems not to be driven by substantialbenefits of genetic diversity. Nonetheless, very small or asyet unidentified genetic benefits to one party (males, workers,queens) in conjunction with low costs of mating may favor polyandry.Alternatively, nongenetic factors, such as convenience polyandry,may be more important than genetic factors in promoting polyandryin P. pygmaea.     

不同退化程度高寒草甸高山嵩草的构件变化

对不同退化程度下高山嵩草的构件变化进行了初步研究.结果表明:随着退化程度的加剧,高山嵩草无性系复合主分蘖数、单分蘖数以及构件的叶片数均明显下降,退化程度加剧不利于高山嵩草的营养生长;除极度退化草地外,其余样地各构件的生物量大小依次是:根茎>根>叶>秆,并且随退化程度的加剧,各构件生物量显著下降;重度退化草地中,莎草科植物生殖枝数占植物群落总生殖枝的比例最大,每个有效生殖枝平均产生3.4粒种子.     

Inbreeding and kinship in the ant Plagiolepis pygmaea

In ants the presence of multiple reproductive queens (polygyny) decreases the relatedness among workers and the brood they rear, and subsequently dilutes their inclusive fitness benefits from helping. However, adoption of colony daughters, low male dispersal in conjunction with intranidal (within nest) mating and colony reproduction by budding may preserve local genetic differences, and slow down the erosion of relatedness. Reduced dispersal and intranidal mating may, however, also lead to detrimental effects owing to competition and inbreeding. We studied mating and dispersal patterns, and colony kinship in three populations of the polygynous ant Plagiolepis pygmaea using microsatellite markers. We found that the populations were genetically differentiated, but also a considerable degree of genetic structuring within populations. The genetic viscosity within populations can be attributed to few genetically homogeneous colony networks, which presumably have arisen through colony reproduction by budding. Hence, selection may act at different levels, the individuals, the colonies and colony networks. All populations were also significantly inbred (F=0.265) suggesting high frequencies of intranidal mating and low male dispersal. Consequently the mean regression relatedness among workers was significantly higher (r = 0.529-0.546) than would be expected under the typically reported number (5-35) of queens in nests of the species. Furthermore, new queens were mainly recruited from their natal or a neighbouring related colony. Finally, the effective number of queens coincided with that found upon excavation, suggesting low reproductive skew.     

Physiological and Optical Responses of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama to a Range of Salinity

The responses of division rate, cell volume, cellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), cellular pigments and optical characteristics to changes in salinity were examined in the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama. The physiological and optical characteristics of H. circularisquama were significantly affected by changes in salinity. When cells were exposed to different salinities, they exhibited physiological acclimation by adjusting their cellular properties associated with growth. This could be a beneficial tactic for ensuring proliferation and limiting damages induced by adverse environmental factors. The results of this study could be essential for assisting in the development of growth models for H. circularisquama.     

高寒草甸小嵩草种群繁殖生态学研究

研究从繁殖生态学的角度对高寒草甸小嵩草（Kobresia pygmaea)种群进行了初步研究。结果表明：小嵩草属寒冷中生密丛短根茎地下芽植物,在高寒生境中采用以营养繁殖为主、有性繁殖为辅的繁策略,具体体现在以下几个方面：虽然小嵩草种子产量达4553.8粒／m^2,但种子萌发率较低,室内和野外萌发率分别仅有4％和1％,经氢氧化钠溶液和赤霉素溶液处理后的种子萌发率分别为1％和2％,而削去种皮后种子萌发率达52．6％,种皮坚硬是造成种子萌发率低的主要原因;进入种子库、保留至返青期且具有活性的种子仅占种子总数的24．35％,其室内萌发率仅有3％,而在野外理论实生苗仅为11．09个／m^2,与此相反小嵩草营养繁殖所形成的新个体数为6256．25个／m^2,远远多于种子萌发所形成的实生苗数。此外,小嵩草营养繁殖效力也远高于有性繁殖效力,营养繁殖效力占总繁殖效力的90．92％。     

Paedogenesis in the dipteran insect Heteropeza pygmaea: an interpretation

A comparison of the modified oocyte development in paedogenetic reproduction with ‘regular’ oogenesis in imaginal reproduction of H. pygmaea shows that the paedogenetically developing eggs start embryonic development long before the usual processes of oocyte growth have been terminated or even initiated. Under certain experimental conditions, uncoupling of meiotic and growth processes could be observed in eggs cultured in vitro and showing aberrant development. We, therefore, assume that in paedogenetic egg development a meiotic block is not properly established or removed precociously. An interpretation of the evolution of paedogenetic reproduction is given.