Mottling phenomena and quality of grains of different genotypes of Durum wheat grown under limited irrigation conditions

Summary Field experiment was conducted to show the effect of one irrigation of 10 cm water applied to durum wheat (Triticum durum) at crown root initiation stage, active tillering stage, anthesis stage and compared them with non irrigated plot using A-206, A-28, A-1-8-8-42-1, G.W.-1 and A-23-10 genotypes under the conditions of salt affected areas having shallow saline aquifer, on quality, yield and mottling phenomena in wheat grain. Application of irrigation significantly increased the yield and decreased the per cent mottled grain and the maximum achievement was obtained when water was applied during the stage of anthesis. Non mottled grain contained higher protein than mottled grain and there were no considerable differences in other biochemical constituents. Genotype G.W.-1 stands first in its yield performance and low mottled grain.     

Genotype dependent variation in mycorrhizal colonization and response to inoculation of pearl millet

Summary Genotypes of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke) were examined for differences in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) colonization and response to inoculation. For thirty genotypes tested across three field locations there was a range of mycorrhizal colonization intensity between 25 and 56%. In another experiment with two male-sterile lines, restorer lines and their derived crosses, grown in pots filled with non-sterilized soil there were significant differences between genotypes for colonization by mycorrhiza. This showed hostgenotype dependence for mycorrhizal colonization.Root growth rates, mycorrhizal root length, percentage root colonization and plant growth and P uptake were studied in ten genotypes. A set of 3 genotypes with similar root lengths varied significantly with regard to mycorrhizal root length and the percentage colonization. This supports the suggestion that VAM colonization and spread is dependent on the host genotype. The growth responses differed significantly between the genotypes and they also differed in their responses to P uptake and VAM inoculation. The utility of host-genotype dependent differences in VAM symbiosis in plant breeding is discussed.Journal Article No. 453     

甘蓝类无蜡粉亮叶性状遗传规律及其利用的研究

我们于1987年从普通结球甘蓝“迎春”品种自交二代群体中,发现了无蜡粉亮叶甘蓝突变株, 经过多年对其遗传规律进行的研究,认为这一无蜡粉亮叶性状是由一对隐性纯合基因控制。利用这一性状可培育结球甘蓝及其它甘蓝类具有这同一性状的新类型、新品种,提高其品质,更可作一代杂种利用的标记性状,充分发挥一代杂种的优势。     

Genotypic effects on the amino acid relationships in maize (Zea mays L.) pollen and style

Summary The free amino acid content of the pollen grains and the style from three single cross hybrids (Wf9 x H55, Ky49 x Ky27, K64 x K55) and two inbred lines (Oh43, H55) was determined. No tyrosine was detected in the pollen grains of any genotype. Significant differences between pollen genotypes were found for aspartic acid, threonine, serine, lysine and histidine with no effect resulting from the vigor of the pollen source. No proline was found in the style of any genotype. Significant differences between style genotypes were obtained for threonine, serine, glutamic acid, leucine, tyrosine, ethanolanine, aminobutyric acid and histidine with a relationship between vigor of the style genotype present for tyrosine, ethanolanine and aminobutyric acid. The relationship between the pollen and style level for each amino acid as influenced by genotype was analyzed. A significant negative correlation was found only for threonine. Apparently, a complementary relationship between the pollen and style exists for some amino acids. Proline and tyrosine are available only from the pollen and style respectively. Threonine levels are balanced with varying contributions from both pollen and style depending on the genotype.     

花生抗青枯病种质脂肪酸组成的遗传多样性

通过对123份不同类型抗青枯病花生种质种子脂肪酸的鉴定测试,分析了抗青枯病花生种质在这些性状方面的遗传分化,并与6006份资源组成的花生基础收集品进行了比较。研究结果表明,我国抗青枯病花生资源的油酸含量平均为51.78%,显著高于基础收集品的对应值(45.64%);亚油酸含量平均为28.88%,显著低于基础收集品的对应值(34.36%);高油酸种质较多,油酸含量达61%以上的资源23份,所占比重为18.7%,显著高于基础品中的相应比重(2.65%)。标准差、变异系数以及遗传多样性指数的分析结果表明,抗青枯病资源在油酸和亚油酸含量方面的遗传分化程度高。     

Comparative chemical attributes of native North American hop,Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small

The genetic diversity of 159 representative genotypes of native hop (Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small, Cannabaceae) from 34 selected populations was assessed by relative magnitudes and ranges of alpha acids (AA), beta acids (BA), and the cohumulone (CoH) component of alpha acids, with reference to temporal changes between 1989-1990 and 2001, and to the same attributes in American and European hop cultivars, principally H. lupulus var. lupulus L. Chemical profiles of these genotypes were generated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of methanol extracts from their processed samples (cones). The alpha ratio (AR, alpha acids / alpha+beta acids) measured the degree to which alpha acids predominated in cone extracts. Synchronous ranges of AR and CoH were also selected for graphic portrayals of native hop genotypic diversity. Cones sampled and analyzed from eight populations that were accessible in both 1989 and 2001 were distinct in chemical attributes, indicating a succession of genotypes, and suggesting temporal cycling of H. lupulus var.lupuloides germplasm. The principal distinctions between the two sub-species were a markedly higher proportion of CoH (38-88% vs. 19-41%) in alpha acids of H. l. var. lupuloides, and generally higher concentrations of AA in cultivars of both American and European commercial hop cultivars, predominantly H. lupulus var. lupulus. All of the 159 native hop genotypes also contained detectable levels of xanthohumol and xanthogalenol, prenylflavonoids recently reported to have mammalian anti-cancer activity. Some native genotypes had previously exhibited natural repellence of insect and mite pests; thus H. lupulus var. lupuloides germplasm offers a diverse resource of underutilized and yet undefined biochemicals.     

p53基因多态性和脑外伤预后及临床意义

目的：研究颅脑外伤患者中P53等位基因与基因型的频率分布,探讨其与脑损伤预后的关联性,为脑损伤患者预后提供部分参数依据。方法：选择各型颅脑损伤患者141例,正常对照者144人,患者按GCS格拉斯哥评分法进行分类;采用PCR基因型检测法检测P53等位基因,基因计数法计算等位基因频率;统计学分析等位基因和基因型在脑外伤组与正常对照组、预后良好组与预后不良组的频率分布的差异,并综合分析患者年龄、性别、GCS以及P53各等位基因等因素对脑外伤患者预后的影响。结果：在颅脑外伤患者和正常对照者中P53等位基因和基因型的频率分布,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;等位基因Arg相对于Pro的OR为1.140,基因型Arg/Pro、Arg/Arg相对于Pro/Pro的OR分别为0.890和1.170。在重型脑外伤患者（3≤GCS≤8分）86例中,预后良好31例,预后不良55例,基因型对预后不良的影响：非Pro/Pro相对于Pro/Pro的OR为0.417,非Arg/Pro相对于Arg/Pro的OR为0.419,非Arg/Arg相对于Arg/Arg的OR为3.667。在所有脑外伤患者中,预后良好组和预后不良组的患者年龄、性别差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;GCS、P53等位基因差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：在重型颅脑患者中,基因型Arg/Arg有增加预后不良的风险;脑外伤预后与患者的年龄、性别无关联,与GCS、P53基因密切相关。     

Entamoeba histolytica: the serine-rich gene polymorphism-based genetic variability of clinical isolates from Georgia

It is generally accepted that a majority of individuals infected by Entamoeba histolytica do not develop symptomatic disease. However, the parasite and the host factors contributing to the development of the disease, remain undetermined. It is also unclear why certain individuals develop extra-intestinal amebiasis without exhibiting apparent intestinal symptoms. An outbreak of amebic liver abscess in Tbilisi, Georgia in 1998-1999 suggested that the causative E. histolytica strain had an unusual propensity for extra-intestinal spread. To correlate the genetic differences with pathogenic potential of the parasite, we have examined the SREHP gene polymorphisms among Georgian E. histolytica isolates. Comparison of polymorphic patterns revealed the presence of several different genotypes of E. histolytica, thus preventing an association of a single genotype with hepatic disease, but supporting the previous finding of extensive genetic diversity among E. histolytica isolates from the same geographic origin.