打顶对烟草生长、钾素吸收及其分配的影响

与不打顶相比,打顶并未增加烟株最终的干物质及K累积量,但由于消除了顶端对有机物质及K的强烈竞争,使无谓消耗于顶中的1／3的同化物及K运向其它器官,从而使叶片中累积的同化物及K由不打顶时的1／3左右提高到1／2左右,有利于同化产物及K在叶内的累积;此外打顶不了根对同化产物的竞争能力,因而要系发达、烟叶产量及其含K量显著增加,打顶后用NAA处理茎断口并不能提高烟叶产量,但烟株有烟叶内K的最终累积量增加,因此与公打顶相比可明显提高生育后期叶片K含量。     

Microalgal biomass production and on-site bioremediation of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide from flue gas using Chlorella sp. cultures

The growth and on-site bioremediation potential of an isolated thermal- and CO?-tolerant mutant strain, Chlorella sp. MTF-7, were investigated. The Chlorella sp. MTF-7 cultures were directly aerated with the flue gas generated from coke oven of a steel plant. The biomass concentration, growth rate and lipid content of Chlorella sp. MTF-7 cultured in an outdoor 50-L photobioreactor for 6 days was 2.87 g L?1 (with an initial culture biomass concentration of 0.75 g L?1), 0.52 g L?1 d?1 and 25.2%, respectively. By the operation with intermittent flue gas aeration in a double-set photobioreactor system, average efficiency of CO? removal from the flue gas could reach to 60%, and NO and SO? removal efficiency was maintained at approximately 70% and 50%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that flue gas from coke oven could be directly introduced into Chlorella sp. MTF-7 cultures to potentially produce algal biomass and efficiently capture CO?, NO and SO? from flue gas.     

氮素形态对烤烟光合特性影响的研究

１９９６～１９９７年连续二年进行了固定氮素用量,改变铵态、硝态氮肥的施用比例试验,对烤烟的一些光合生理特性进行了研究。试验结果表明,在烤烟生长前、中期,增施铵态氮施用比例,烤烟的叶绿素含量增加,但达１００％铵态氮时,叶绿素含量反而下降,低于施用５０％和７５％铵态氮的处理;在烤烟生长后期,功能叶片叶绿素含量基本上与施用铵态氮比例高低一致,以１００％铵态氮处理的叶绿素含量最高。另外增加铵态氮施用比例,烤烟功能叶片的希尔反应活性及光合磷酸化活性有所提高,但Ｐ／Ｏ比值基本不变。从叶绿素诱导荧光动力学特征参数及比值情况来看：增加铵态氮施用比例,Ｆｍ和Ｆｖ值升高;几种荧光参数的比值如Ｆｄ／Ｆｓ、Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ比值有所上升,但均以２５％硝态氮＋７５％铵态氮的处理最高;并且其烤后烟叶的产量最高、品质最好。     

Reversible removal of SO2 at low temperature by Bacillus licheniformis immobilized on γ-Al2O3

Bacillus licheniformis R08 biomass was immobilized on γ-Al₂O₃ and the effects of R08 biomass loading, SO₂ concentration, water vapor, oxygen and temperature on removal of SO₂ were investigated. The experimental results indicated that SO₂ saturation capacity increased with increasing R08 biomass loading and SO₂ concentration, but decreased with increasing adsorption temperature. Water vapor activated the adsorbent and promoted SO₂ removal. An increase in oxygen concentration from 5 to 10% had little effect on SO₂ removal. FTIR analysis revealed that the R08 biomass bound to γ-Al₂O₃ mainly by forming R-CO-O-Al bonds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that γ-Al₂O₃ reacted with SO₂ and formed aluminum sulfate in the presence of oxygen when R08 biomass loading was 13.8%, but that amido groups of the R08 biomass reacted with SO₂ and formed sulfite when biomass loading was 32.4%. Ten continuous adsorption-desorption cycles showed that the adsorbent had an excellent regeneration performance.     

玛绢金龟成虫在烟田的空间格局分析

在烟株上玛绢金龟成虫的空间格局进行了测定。采用Ｔａｙｌｏｒ幂法则,Ｉｗａｏ聚集格局回归分析法和负二项概率模型来处理调查数据。结果显示：３种方法的聚集指数都表明玛绢金龟在烟株上的空间格局为聚集分布,Ｔａｙｌｏｒ幂法则拟合田间数据优于Ｉｗａｏ聚集格局回归分析法。     

排硫硫杆菌D6中硫化氢脱氢酶的纯化及性质

从烟气生物脱硫系统的好氧产硫磁性稳态流化床反应器中,经反复纯化分离出脱硫优势菌排硫硫杆菌菌株D6,采用四步工艺纯化出膜结合型硫化氢脱氢酶。SDS-PAGE测定显示其由α1β1亚基组成,光谱分析表明含有1 mol FAD/mol酶,血红素染色揭示小亚基上结合有1 mol血红素c/mol酶,该酶属于氧还蛋白家族。该酶的最适pH为8.6,对马心细胞色素c和硫化物的表观Km分别为2.5μmol/L和6.1μmol/L,反应计量实验表明其氧化产物为元素硫。硫化氢脱氢酶受到硫和亚硫酸盐的抑制,100μmol/L的氰化钾对该酶抑制率达72%。     

Simultaneous flue gas bioremediation and reduction of microalgal biomass production costs

A flue gas originating from a municipal waste incinerator was used as a source of CO₂ for the cultivation of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, in order to decrease the biomass production costs and to bioremediate CO₂ simultaneously. The utilization of the flue gas containing 10–13% (v/v) CO₂ and 8–10% (v/v) O₂ for the photobioreactor agitation and CO₂ supply was proven to be convenient. The growth rate of algal cultures on the flue gas was even higher when compared with the control culture supplied by a mixture of pure CO₂ and air (11% (v/v) CO₂). Correspondingly, the CO₂ fixation rate was also higher when using the flue gas (4.4 g CO₂ l⁻¹ 24 h⁻¹) than using the control gas (3.0 g CO₂ l⁻¹ 24 h⁻¹). The toxicological analysis of the biomass produced using untreated flue gas showed only a slight excess of mercury while all the other compounds (other heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls) were below the limits required by the European Union foodstuff legislation. Fortunately, extending the flue gas treatment prior to the cultivation unit by a simple granulated activated carbon column led to an efficient absorption of gaseous mercury and to the algal biomass composition compliant with all the foodstuff legislation requirements.     

骨顶鸡的繁殖行为

2008和2009年4-9月,对黑龙江省安邦河自然保护区以及龙凤湿地骨顶鸡繁殖种群进行了观察.结果表明:骨顶鸡繁殖季节会建造3种巢结构:炫耀台、产卵巢和育雏巢,雌雄共同参与筑巢及领域防卫活动;巢高和巢深随窝卵数增多而呈上升趋势;平均窝卵数为8.77±0.24(n=75)枚,窝卵数随繁殖时间推迟而呈减少趋势;骨顶鸡雌雄共同参与孵化,雌性平均每次孵化时间高于雄性;雌雄共同参与喂雏,雏鸟至亚体阶段才完全独立,之前需亲鸟饲喂;骨顶鸡是杂食性鸟类,食物以植物为主,但也摄取动物性食物.     

Field applications of a bio-trickling filter for the removal of nitrogen oxides from flue gas

A bio-trickling filter (BTF) packed with polyhedral spheres was used to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired power plant. The BTF system consistently removed 64–95% of the NOx after start-up and acclimation under dynamic conditions (e.g., 120–240 m³/h flue gas flow rate and inlet 300–900 mg NOx/m³). Scanning electron microscopy of the biofilms that were formed showed a shift in the predominating bacteria. Analyses by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the naturally-selected mixed cultures in the biofilm under a flue gas environment were mainly Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp.     

Flue gas compounds and microalgae: (Bio-)chemical interactions leading to biotechnological opportunities

Flue gases are a resource yet to be fully utilised in microalgal biotechnology, not only to moderate the anthropogenic effects on our climate, but also to steer microalgal resource management towards innovative applications of microalgal biomass compounds. These gases, both untreated and treated into current discharge standards, contain CO₂, N₂, H₂O, O₂, NO_x, SO_x, C_xH_y, CO, particulate matter, halogen acids and heavy metals. To better steer and engineer flue gas-fed microalgal cultures, all these compounds need to be considered. Therefore, here, we review (i) the chemical composition and treatment technologies of flue gas, (ii) the uptake pathways and removal of the different compounds in microalgae reactors, and (iii) the tolerance and effects on microalgae of all flue gas compounds. By emphasising the interactions between microalgae and flue gas compounds, we envisage new pathways for microalgal biomass valorisation such as enzyme production for environmental technology, novel biogas production and biosequestration of minerals. Furthermore, we highlight fundamental and applied research niches that merit further investigation.