Partial characterization ofAspergillus fumigatus polygalacturonases for the degumming of natural fibers

Summary Aspergillus fumigatus strain 4, cultured on citrus pectin as the sole carbon source, produced polygalacturonases whose activity was optimum at 65°C and pH 3.5–4.5. The enzymes presented a bimodal thermostability for 10 min, but not 60 min, of incubation. Polygalacturonases showed pH stability between 3.0 to 9.0. The enzymes were stable when stored at 4–6°C for 90 days, but their activity was reduced by 24% when they were stored at 26–30°C. Orange pulp was the best pectic carbon source tested for the production of pectinases capable of retting ramie fibers. The reutilization of these enzymes was possible, suggesting the viability of industrial use of pectinases for degumming ramie fibers.     

制霉菌素抗性筛选高活性苎麻脱胶菌诱变菌株

利用制霉菌素抗性筛选高渗透性突变株,提高黑曲霉菌对苎麻纤维的脱胶能力,使微生物脱胶能用于工业生产实践之中.分别用紫外线、硫酸二乙酯、亚硝酸作为诱变剂对黑曲霉3.0.2菌株进行诱变处理.以制霉菌素抗性为遗传标记,从突变菌株中定向筛选得到一株高活性苎麻脱胶菌黑曲霉3.0.2-26.在以未经刮制的苎麻韧皮为主要碳源,0.7%(NH_4)_2SO_4为氮源,添加00.5%KCl;00.5%MgSO_4;0.1%K_2HPO_4; 0.1%酵母膏;Tween80 0.1%的培养液中,接入黑曲霉3.0.2-26,置30℃下,150 r/min处理30 h左右,脱胶苎麻纤维的残胶率平均为14.43%.     

Improved production of alkaline polygalacturonate lyase by homologous overexpression pelA in Bacillus subtilis

A polygalacturonate lyase (PGL), PelA, was purified from the culture broth of Bacillus subtilis 7-3-3, with a molecular weight, optimal temperature, and pH of approximately 45 kDa, 55 °C, and 9.4, respectively. The PGL gene (pelA) was homologously overexpressed in B. subtilis 7-3-3 to increase the gene copies and enhance the PGL production. The resulting PGL activity was 2138 U mL^?1 at 44 h, and the productivity reached 48.58 U (mL h)^?1 through the homologous overexpression of strain B-pN-pelA in a 7.5 L fermentor, the highest PGL production compared to those reported in literature to the best of our knowledge. Crude enzyme has high PGL and PGase activity, which can remove 50.58% of pectin in unpretreatment ramie fibers at 50 °C for 4 h. Meanwhile, the enzyme system with a low level hemicellulase and almost no cellulase will further help in enhancing the efficiency of degumming besides maintaining tenacity of plant fiber. The B. subtilis B-pN-pelA shows high genetic stability and has great potential in the textile industry.     

苎麻酶法脱胶的研究进展*

苎麻酶脱胶法是一种高效能、优质量、无污染的脱胶方法,它是直接利用微生物发酵后期产生的胞外酶或酶制剂降解苎麻的胶质,使得苎麻纤维释放出来。到目前为止,国内外的科研人员在这方面已经进行了大量的研究,筛选了许多不同的脱胶菌,包括需氧菌和厌氧菌等用于苎麻的脱胶。相比化学脱胶,苎麻的酶脱胶具有提高精干麻的质量、大幅度降低环境污染等显的优点,是苎麻脱胶未来的主要发展方向,有着不可估量的前途。同时,随着酶脱胶技术在工业化生产中的推广应用,酶的使用量势必大幅度增加,从而将带动酶工业的发展。     

芽孢杆菌M50产生β—甘露聚糖酶的条件研究

从土壤中分离到９株产生β－甘露聚糖酶的芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．）。Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．Ｍ５０２５０ｍＬ三角瓶摇瓶培养试验,以４％的魔芋粉为碳源,１．０％（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４为氮源,０．３５％Ｎａ２ＣＯ３,３０～３４℃培养６０ｈ产酶达到高峰。酶活力为１８０～２２０ｕ／ｍＬ。１００Ｌ罐发酵,在３０～３２℃,１：０．７５ｖｖｍ通气量,２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ条件下,发酵液酶活力高达３３０ｕ／ｍＬ。     

Green bioprocess of degumming of jute fibers and bioscouring of cotton fabric by recombinant pectin methylesterase and pectate lyases from Clostridium thermocellum

Enzymatic processes are emerging as important green biotechnological processes in textile industry. The application of recombinant pectin methylesterase (CtPME) and pectate lyase (CtPL1B) from Clostridium thermocellum for enzymatic degumming of jute or bioscouring of cotton was evaluated. The effectiveness of processes by combination of two enzymes were evaluated that effective degumming of jute and bioscouring of cotton as compared with individual enzyme. The optimum concentrations of two enzymes mixture for both processes, degumming of jute and bio scouring of cotton were 5 mg/mL (2.1 U/mL) of CtPME and 5 mg/mL (3.0 U/mL) of CtPL1B under optimized conditions of 60 min, 100 rpm and 50 °C. FESEM images showed more effective removal of pectin from jute fiber and cotton fabric by enzyme mixture, nevertheless similar to NaOH treatment. Wettability analysis showed mixture of enzymes and NaOH treated cotton fabric absorbed a water drop in 10 s and 8 s, respectively. UTM analysis showed higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus for jute fiber and cotton fabric treated with enzyme mixture than untreated and were similar to those of NaOH treated. These results showed that the CtPME and CtPL1B mixture can be used for replacing the chemical process by green bioprocess in textile industry.