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不同化学杂交剂(CHA)对小麦花药同工酶影响的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在小麦叶枕距±2cm时,喷施4种不同化学杂交剂(CHA)后,分别取小孢子处于不同发育阶段的花药,进行过氧化酶(POD)、淀粉酶(Amy)和酯酶(Est)等同工酶的分析。研究表明:在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期,处理2、3和4三种CHA对POD的A1、A2;B2、B4和B5,C1、C2和C3同工酶带的活性均有明显的抑制作用;处理5除去对A1和A2表现抑制外,对其他酶带的活性均有增强作用。在单枚早期,处理2和3的A、B和C区POD同工酶活性均明显低于对照;处理4和5上述各区POD同工酶活性却明显高于对照。在上述两个发育时期,处理2对Amy1区酶活性有增强作用,而处理3、4和5对该区酶活性却表现了专一性的抑制。各处理对Est同工酶A区和B区的酶活性主要表现为抑制。实验结果表明,不同的CHA均通过干扰花药的物质和能量代谢而导致雄性生理性不育。 相似文献
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小麦耐盐突变体的分子生物学鉴定 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19
利用F1花药培养、EMS诱变和耐盐性反复筛选后已稳定9 代的小麦耐盐突变体RH8706- 49、H8706- 34、H8706- 44、H8706- 48、H8706- 57 及其亲本濮农3665、百农3039 为材料,用生化标记(醇溶蛋白)及分子标记(RAPD)分析了各材料间的差异,发现突变体与亲本相比,不仅发生了蛋白质水平的变异,而且也在DNA 水平上证明了突变的发生,从而为耐盐突变体的真实性提供了有力的证据,排除了盐适应的可能性; 经用218 个引物对5 个突变体之间的多态性进行RAPD分析,结果表明,它们之间的差异很小,其遗传背景相似,因而它们是一系列耐盐性不同的近似等位基因系 相似文献
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小麦T型细胞质雄性不育系与相应保持系线粒体DNA的RAPD分析 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
黄占景 沈银柱 刘植义 何聪芬 柏峰 马闻师 姚鸿 王京兆 王斌HUANG Zhan-Jing SHEN Yin-Zhu LIU Zhi-Yi HE Cong-Fen BO Feng MA Wen-Shi YAO Hong WANG Jing-Zhao WANG Bin 《遗传》1997,19(4):8-11
利用RAPD技术对小麦T型细胞质雄性不育系75-3369A和相应保持系75-336 9B
的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行了81个单引物和14组双引物的多态性研究。结果有73个单引物和全部的双引物有扩增结果,表现出多态性的有10个单引物和一组双引物。
Abstract:Using 81 single-primers and 14 double-primers,T-type CMS(cytoplasmic male sterile)line 75-3369 A and is maintainer 75-3369B were studied by means of RAPD.73 single-primers and all double-primers gave amplified products in the experiment,among them 10 single-primers and one double-primer presented polymorphism. 相似文献
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普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体DNA的RAPD分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用随机扩增多态DNA(RandomamplifiedpolymorphicDNAs,RAPD)技术,对普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系(A)及其保持系(B)线粒体基因组(mitochondrialgenome)的指纹图谱进行了分析。共使用引物41个,其中20个引物得到了扩增产物,部分引物扩增结果表现多态性。说明线粒体DNA(mitochondrialDNA,mtDNA)序列在不育系和保持系之间存在差异,进一步明确了小麦细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmicmalesterile,CMS)与mtDNA的关系。 相似文献
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诱发小麦花药愈伤组织及其再生植株抗盐性变异的研究 总被引:30,自引:3,他引:27
沈银柱 刘植义 何聪芬 黄占景 孟庆昌 柏峰 马闻师 赵松山 陆莉 张焕英SHEN Yin-Zhu LIU Zhi-Yi HE Cong-Fen HUANG Zhan-JingMENG Qing-Chang BAI Feng MA Wen-Shi ZHAO Song-Shan LU Li ZHANG Huan-Ying 《遗传》1997,19(6):7-11
不同基因型小麦花药愈伤组织对化学诱变剂的敏感性不同。选用对诱变剂敏感的类型,经EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变可以产生耐盐变异。实验获得的耐盐变异株, 离开盐胁迫3代后,经盐池鉴定后代中有52.9%的品系达到一级耐盐,表现了一定的遗传稳定性。耐盐品系的结实率也逐渐得到恢复,达到92.4%。利用其高代材料进行耐盐性的遗传分析结果表明,小麦的耐盐性不仅受核基因的控制,也受细胞质因子的影响。经酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,发现耐盐突变体特有的Rf值为0.19的醇溶蛋白能稳定遗传。
Abstract:The study discovered that the sensibilities of anther calli in different wheat genetypes to chemical mutagenic agent were different.The mutation-sensitive type might generate salt-tolerant variation after mutagenizing with EMS.The fourth generation of salt-tolerant plants which were planted for three generations in usual soil expressed tolerance stability after planting in the salt pond of a 0.45% salt concentration,52.9% of the lines in the offspring belonged to first grade of salt-tolerance,showing that the salt-tolerant variant had a certain stability.The fertility of salt-tolerant lines was gradually recovered and reached 92.4%.The high generation materials were used for genetic analysis of the salt-tolerance.The results indicated that the wheat salt-tolerant trait is not only controlled by nuclear gene,but also effected by cytoplasmic factor.In addition,A-PAGE(Acid-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)discovered that the salt-resistant mutant had a unique gliadin band with a Rf value of 0.19,and that this unique band was stable inherited. 相似文献
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秘彩莉 沈银柱 黄占景 何聪芬 柏峰 马闻师 赵宝存 葛荣朝BI Cai-li SHEN Yin-zhu HUANG Zhan-jing HE Cong-fen BAI Feng MA Wen-shi ZHAO Bao-cun GE Rong-chao 《遗传》1999,21(6):32-42
利用F1花药培养、EMS诱变和耐盐性反复筛选后已稳定9代的小麦耐盐突变体RH8706-49、H8706-34、H8706-44、H8706-48、H8706-57及其亲本濮农3665、百农3039为材料,用生化标记(醇溶蛋白)及分子标记(RAPD)分析了各材料间的差异,发现突变体与亲本相比,不仅发生了蛋白质水平的变异,而且也在DNA水平上证明了突变的发生,从而为耐盐突变体的真实性提供了有力的证据,排除了盐适应的可能性; 经用218 个引物对5个突变体之间的多态性进行RAPD分析,结果表明,它们之间的差异很小,其遗传背景相似,因而它们是一系列耐盐性不同的近似等位基因系。
Abstract: In this paper, 5 wheat salt tolerant mutants(H8706-34、H8706-44、H8706-48、RH8706-49、H8706-57)derived from anther culture、EMS induction and salt tolerance selection and their parents (Punong3665、Bainong3039)were used as materials, all the mutants have inherited stably for 9 generations. Differences were revealed between the mutants and their parents using chemical marker(gliadin)and molecular marker(RAPD), the results showed that compared with the parents, the mutants varied not only on the protein level,but also on the DNA level,which supplied hard evidence of the truth of the mutants and ruled out the possibility of salt adaptation. RAPD analysis were conducted among the 5 mutants by 218 primers,which proved they were a series of near isogenic lines of different salt tolerance because of their little difference and similar genetic background. 相似文献
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沈银柱 刘植义 黄占景 何聪芬 柏峰 马闻师 朱正歌 葛荣朝 许顺芝 岳聚兴 张中良SHEN Yin-zhu LIU Zhi-yi HUANG Zhan-jing HE Cong-fen BAI Feng MA Wen-shi ZHU Zheng-ge GE Rong-chao XU Shun-zhi YUE Ju-xing ZHANG Zhong-liang 《遗传》1999,21(5):41-545
在小麦叶枕距±2cm时, 喷施4种不同化学杂交剂(CHA)后, 分别取小孢子处于不同发育阶段的花药, 进行过氧化酶(POD)、淀粉酶(Amy)和酯酶(Est)等同工酶的分析。研究表明: 在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期, 处理2、3和4 三种CHA对POD的A1、A2; B2、B4和B5; C1、C2和C3同工酶带的活性均有明显的抑制作用; 处理5除去对A1和A2表现抑制外, 对其他酶带的活性均有增强作用。在单核早期, 处理2和3的A、B和C区POD 同工酶活性均明显低于对照; 处理4和5上述各区POD同工酶活性却明显高于对照。 在上述两个发育时期, 处理2对Amy1区酶活性有增强作用, 而处理3、4和5对该区酶活性却表现了专一性的抑制。各处理对Est同工酶A区和B 区的酶活性主要表现为抑制。实验结果表明, 不同的CHA均通过干扰花药的物质和能量代谢而导致雄性生理性不育。
Abstract:When the distance between wheat (T. aestivum ) flag leaf and it's adjucent leaf is about ± 2cm, four different kinds of CHA (Chemical Hybridizing Agents) were sprayed, then we took the anthers which were at different microspore's development stages to make POD、Amy and Est isoenzymes analysis. The study showed that: during the microsporocyte meiophase, treatmant 2、3 and 4, the three kinds of CHAs had evident inhibitation on the activity of POD's bands A1、A2; bands B2、B4 and B5; bands C1、C2and C3. CHA of treatment 5 had inhibitation on bands A1 and A2, but could promote the activity of the other POD bands. During the early uninucleate stage, the POD activity on area A、area B and area C with CHAs of treatment 2、3 was obviousely lower than the control. But in these areas POD activity with CHAs of treatment 4、5 was obviousely higher than the control. During the above two development stages, CHA of treatment 2 obviously strengthened the activity of Amy1area; on the other hand, CHAs of treatment 3、4 and 5 have the unique inhibitation in the same area. All the treatments mainly had inhibitant effects on the activities of Ests area A and area B. The study shows that all the different CHAs bring about male physiological sterility. Through disturbing the anther's metabolism of substances and energy. 相似文献
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