不同化学杂交剂(CHA)对小麦花药同工酶影响的研究

在小麦叶枕距±2cm时, 喷施4种不同化学杂交剂(CHA)后, 分别取小孢子处于不同发育阶段的花药, 进行过氧化酶(POD)、淀粉酶(Amy)和酯酶(Est)等同工酶的分析。研究表明: 在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期, 处理2、3和4 三种CHA对POD的A1、A2; B2、B4和B5; C1、C2和C3同工酶带的活性均有明显的抑制作用; 处理5除去对A1和A2表现抑制外, 对其他酶带的活性均有增强作用。在单核早期, 处理2和3的A、B和C区POD 同工酶活性均明显低于对照; 处理4和5上述各区POD同工酶活性却明显高于对照。 在上述两个发育时期, 处理2对Amy1区酶活性有增强作用, 而处理3、4和5对该区酶活性却表现了专一性的抑制。各处理对Est同工酶A区和B 区的酶活性主要表现为抑制。实验结果表明, 不同的CHA均通过干扰花药的物质和能量代谢而导致雄性生理性不育。 Abstract:When the distance between wheat (T. aestivum ) flag leaf and it's adjucent leaf is about ± 2cm, four different kinds of CHA (Chemical Hybridizing Agents) were sprayed, then we took the anthers which were at different microspore's development stages to make POD、Amy and Est isoenzymes analysis. The study showed that: during the microsporocyte meiophase, treatmant 2、3 and 4, the three kinds of CHAs had evident inhibitation on the activity of POD's bands A1、A2; bands B2、B4 and B5; bands C1、C2and C3. CHA of treatment 5 had inhibitation on bands A1 and A2, but could promote the activity of the other POD bands. During the early uninucleate stage, the POD activity on area A、area B and area C with CHAs of treatment 2、3 was obviousely lower than the control. But in these areas POD activity with CHAs of treatment 4、5 was obviousely higher than the control. During the above two development stages, CHA of treatment 2 obviously strengthened the activity of Amy1area; on the other hand, CHAs of treatment 3、4 and 5 have the unique inhibitation in the same area. All the treatments mainly had inhibitant effects on the activities of Ests area A and area B. The study shows that all the different CHAs bring about male physiological sterility. Through disturbing the anther's metabolism of substances and energy.     

辣椒细胞质雄性不育系和保持系过氧化物酶同工酶的比较分析

运用辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A和保持系21B为试材,比较分析了过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶在幼叶和不同发育时期花蕾中的表达特征。结果表明,辣椒花蕾中的POD同工酶谱带均比叶片中的更丰富,表现出明显的组织特异性。不育系21A和保持系21B间的酶谱在幼叶和小花蕾（纵径0．8～1．5mm）中基本无差异,但从中花蕾（纵径2～3mm）开始,保持系21B的一些酶带（POD4b和POD4c）染色开始减弱。在大花蕾（纵径4．5～5mm）和特大花蕾（纵径6．8～7mm）时期,不育系比保持系分别多2条酶带（POD2c和POD4b）和1条酶带（POD2c）,表明辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A与保持系21B花蕾中的POD同工酶表达与小孢子的发育过程相关,其表达差异发生在细胞学上观察到的败育之前。     

吡喃酮类衍生物对水稻的杀雄作用与活性氧代谢的关系

在幼穗发育的雌雄蕊形成期用化学杀雄剂Ⅲ号（一种吡喃酮类衍生物）30mg/m2处理灿稻HX－3和粳稻镇稻88后,其幼穗,疑花和花药中的活性氧产生速率和丙二醛（MDA）积累高于对照,而过氧化物酶（POD）,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASA－POD）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性则低于对照。在处理后第5天,与对照相比,幼穗中H2O2,O2－,MDA含量明显增高,而相关的抗氧化酶活性下降,至处理后第15天,花药中H2O2,O2,MDA含量均比对照增加约1．5倍以上,同时POD,ASA－POD,SOD活性比对照下降一半以上,化学杀雄剂Ⅲ号处理水稻导致雄性不育的发生,可能与幼穗,颖花和花药中较高的活性氧积累和膜脂过氧化加剧,从而损伤幼穗及花药细胞结构有关。     

地塞米松对过氧化氢体外氧化杀伤烟曲霉的影响

目的研究地塞米松对过氧化氢（H2O2）体外杀伤烟曲霉（Aspergillus fumigatus,A.fumigatus）的影响。方法用不同浓度的地塞米松（0 mg/mL,0.02 mg/mL,0.2 mg/mL）处理烟曲霉孢子,按照处理时间不同分为A（0.5 h）,B（2 h）,C（7 h）,D（16 h）4组。用测定H2O2杀伤真菌的标准方法——斑点法分别测定各组烟曲霉孢子对H2O2的氧化杀伤敏感性。结果在H2O2浓度为1.5 mmol/L下,未用地塞米松处理的孢子（阴性对照）氧化杀伤敏感性为5×101（生长良好）。A（0.5 h）组：地塞米松0.02 mg/mL处理后孢子的氧化杀伤敏感性为5×10^3;地塞米松0.2 mg/mL处理后孢子的氧化杀伤敏感性为5×10^4。B（2 h）组：地塞米松0.02 mg/mL和0.2 mg/mL处理后孢子的氧化杀伤敏感性均为5×10^3。C（7 h）和D（16 h）组：不同浓度地塞米松处理后氧化杀伤敏感性与阴性对照没有差别（均为5×10^1）。结论地塞米松使H2O2在体外杀伤烟曲霉的能力增强,这种作用仅发生在地塞米松接触烟曲霉孢子的早期（〈2 h）。     

棉花ms5ms6雄性不育两用系发育过程中POD同工酶分析

为了在生长发育前期简便快速地区分棉花雄性不育A、B两用系的不育株和可育株,采用同工酶分析方法,对POD同工酶进行研究。结果表明,不同器官之间POD同工酶带数及其带的强度存在差异,其中花药的酶带最多、带的强度最高;子房的酶带最少,带的强度最低。同一器官不同发育时期POD同工酶也存在差异,其中在花药发育时期POD同工酶带数及其带的强度差异明显,尤其在单核期和二核期两种不同叶型的两用系A比B分别减少1或2条带。因此,在开花之前根据花药POD同工酶的差异,易于区分A、B两用系中的不育株和可育株。     

菘蓝属植物的同工酶分析及其系统学意义

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,比较了菘蓝属（Isatis L.)5种2变种1多倍体品种及1外类群种共计20个样本的酯酶同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的酶谱差异,并运用数量分类学的原理和方法对酶谱数据进行了聚类分析。20个样本的酯酶同工酶酶谱共有18条酶带,可分为慢带区（A区）、中带区（B区）和快带区（C区）3个区,其中A区的Rf0.09酶带为所有样本共有,而B区和C区不仅酶带数多,而且活性较强,并表现出很大差异。20个样本的超氧化物歧化酶同工酶酶谱有8条酶带,略有差异。聚类分析结果表明,20个样本被明显分成10组,与形态性状分类结果基本一致。利用酶带的有无、酶带的活性差异以及聚类分析结果,可以初步作出菘蓝属类群间亲缘关系的判定。     

锰胁迫对商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)保护酶的影响

对室内栽培的商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)幼苗分别经4、12、36mmol/L的锰(Mn2 )溶液处理30d后,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)分离了根和叶片过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶,并测定了其酶活性.结果表明:(1)经不同浓度的Mn2 溶液处理,根POD同工酶(RP1)消失,而12、36mmoL/L Mn2 溶液处理根新的POD同工酶(RP5,RP8)出现,根POD酶活性出现先降低后升高的变化趋势;叶片POD同工酶(LP)有3种,与对照的相同,但其酶活性随Mn2 浓度增加而随之升高.(2)12、36mmol/L Mn2 溶液处理,根新的SOD同工酶(RS5-RS7)出现,SOD酶活性上升;36mmol/L Mn2 溶液处理,叶片SOD同工酶(LS2-LS5)消失,叶片SOD酶活性下降.推断,商陆根和叶片同工酶的表达调控的机制不同.认为,商陆在Mn2 胁迫中,POD发挥更重要的作用.     

镉对平菇菌丝生长及同工酶表达的影响

采用液体培养研究了不同浓度镉（Cd）处理7d对平菇（Pleurotus ostreotus）菌丝体生长及其同工酶表达的影响.结果表明,50 μmol/L Cd处理对平菇菌丝生长抑制率为55.6%,2000μmol/L Cd为菌丝生长致死浓度.同工酶活性电泳图谱显示,Cd处理不仅改变酯酶（EST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）同工酶带数,而且也影响各酶带的表达强度.50 μmol/L和100μmol/L Cd处理分别诱导出2条和3条新的POD同工酶带,而抑制一条分子量较大的POD酶带的表达,但明显增强总的POD活性.正常生长的平菇菌丝体LDH同工酶谱只出现2条酶带,50 μmol/L以下Cd处理不影响其同工酶的表达,100 μmol/L Cd处理组2条同工酶带均消失.50和100μmol/L Cd处理能够显著增强SOD活性,且诱导2条SOD同工酶表达.100μmol/L及其以下浓度Cd处理均能提高EST的活性,这可能具有加速细胞内酯类化合物水解而增加羧基的数量以螯合更多的游离Cd离子而解Cd毒的作用.Cd浓度在50μmol/L以下时,随着处理浓度的增加,对金属硫蛋白的诱导作用呈逐渐增强的趋势,而100 μmol/L Cd的诱导作用减弱.     

低温下钙对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性及POD同工酶谱的影响

以耐冷性存在明显差异的栽培黄瓜‘长春密刺’和‘北京截头’为材料,研究了冷胁迫下C a2 、钙离子螯合剂(EGTA)和钙调素拮抗剂(CPZ)对低温胁迫黄瓜幼苗叶片3种抗氧化酶活性及POD同工酶的影响.对保护酶活性的研究结果表明:C aC l2、EGTA和CPZ处理均能引起3种抗氧化酶活性变化,但变化幅度因材料而异.胁迫处理中C a2 能提高2种材料的叶片抗氧化酶活性,减少其在低温逆境中的下降幅度,而EGTA和CPZ处理降低了2种材料的抗氧化酶活性,加大了低温逆境中的下降幅度.POD同工酶研究发现,C aC l2延缓冷胁迫中同工酶条带的丢失,EGTA和CPZ处理则使同工酶条带丢失提前,但材料不同对酶条带丢失时间也有影响.     

铵态和硝态氮对苹果植株SOD和POD活性的影响（简报）

田间耕作条件下追施铵态氮肥（NH4）2SO4与硝态氮肥Ca（NO3）2,可不同程度地提高苹果植株的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,NO3－N高于NH4＋-N处理株。随着NO3-N使用量的增加,两种酶活性均相应提高,而POD活性在高铵水平下呈下降趋势。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.