Leaf nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations of understory woody species regulated by soil phosphorus availability in a tropical forest

Leaf soluble sugars and starch are important components of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs), which are crucial for plant growth, development, and reproduction. Although there is a large body of research focusing on the regulation of plant NSC (soluble sugars and starch) concentrations, the response of foliar NSC concentrations to continuous nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition is still unclear, especially in tropical forests. Here, we used a long‐term manipulative field experiment to investigate the response of leaf NSC concentrations to continuous N and P addition (3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year fertilization) in a tropical forest in southern China. We found significant species‐specific variation in leaf NSC concentrations in this tropical forest. Phosphorus addition dramatically decreased both leaf soluble sugar and starch concentrations, while N addition had no significant effects on leaf soluble sugar and starch concentrations. These results suggest that, in plants growing in P‐limiting tropical soil, leaf NSC concentrations are regulated by soil P availability rather than N availability. Moreover, the negative relationships between NSC concentrations and leaf mass per area (LMA) revealed that NSCs could supply excess carbon (C) for leaf expansion under P addition. This was further supported by the increased structural P fraction after P fertilization in our previous study at the same site. We conclude that soil P availability strongly regulates leaf starch and soluble sugar concentrations in the tropical tree species included in this study. The response of leaf NSC concentrations to long‐term N and P addition can reflect the close relationships between plant C dynamics and soil nutrient availability in tropical forests. Maintaining relatively higher leaf NSC concentrations in tropical plants can be a potential mechanism for adapting to P‐deficient conditions.     

热带次生林不同林层植物叶片非结构性碳水化合物的季节变化及其对氮磷添加的响应

非结构性碳水化合物(Non-structural Carbohydrates, NSCs)是植物生长代谢过程中重要的能量来源。通过在华南热带次生林进行氮磷添加试验,探究不同林层植物叶片NSCs的季节变化及其对氮磷添加的响应,取样时间为2019年1月、4月、7月和10月。结果表明:1)植物叶片NSCs存在显著的种间差异,磷(P)添加对叶片淀粉和NSCs含量具有显著影响,且物种与磷添加的交互作用显著影响叶片淀粉含量。2)黑嘴蒲桃和紫玉盘叶片NSCs含量对氮(N)添加的响应较为敏感,而白车和竹节叶片NSCs含量对P添加的响应较为敏感,氮磷同时添加(+NP)对植物叶片NSCs的增效作用最好。3)植物叶片NSCs存在显著的季节性变化,且季节与林层间的交互作用对叶片可溶性糖和NSCs含量具有显著影响。4)不同林层植物对氮磷添加的响应不同,氮磷添加使林下层植物叶片可溶性糖含量增高,林冠层降低,在干季,N添加会使林下层植物叶片淀粉含量增高,林冠层降低。P添加的影响恰好与之相反。在湿季,氮磷添加使林下层和林冠层植物叶片的淀粉含量增加。5)林冠层植物叶片NSCs含量高于林下层,且林下层植物叶片NSCs含量...     

水氮耦合对辣木幼苗根系形态特征的影响

辣木(Moringa oleifera)主要分布在热带地区，属落叶乔木，具有极高的经济价值和栽培用途。为探究12种水氮组合处理对辣木根系形态的影响，该研究设置3种土壤水分梯度，分别为40%(低水，W1)、60%(中水，W2)、80%(高水，W3)的田间饱和持水量，以及4种氮水平，分别为无氮(N0,0 g·plant^-1)、低氮(N1,0.6 g·plant^-1)、中氮(N2,1.8 g·plant^-1)、高氮(N3,3.6 g·plant^-1),比较不同水氮组合处理对辣木幼苗粗根和细根性状(根长度、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径、比根长、比表面积等)的影响。结果表明：(1)水处理对辣木幼苗粗根和细根的性状没均有显著影响。(2)氮处理对粗根的根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径和比表面积有显著影响，而仅对细根的平均直径和比表面积有显著影响。(3)双因素方差分析显示，水氮交互作用仅对细根根长有显著影响；在相同的水处理下，低氮促进而高氮抑制辣木粗根和细根根长、根表面积和根体积的增加，说明低氮中水处理和低氮高水...     

升温突变对川西道孚林线川西云杉和鳞皮冷杉生长的影响

高山林线作为理想的全球气候变化监测器,是研究植被与气候变化关系的重要场所。利用川西道孚县高山林线川西云杉（Picea likiangensis var.balfouriana）和鳞皮冷杉（Abies squamata）的年轮宽度资料,基于树木年代学的方法,构建差值年表并通过升温突变前后（1995年前后）年轮指数与气候要素的相关分析,探讨了该区林线主要针叶树种的年轮响应变化,为研究青藏高原地区树木与气候响应关系提供研究基础。结果表明：（1）年尺度上,1995年气温突变前后川西云杉和鳞皮冷杉年轮指数和生长弹性时间变化趋势均不显著,没有发生显著的响应分歧现象。（2）月尺度上,升温突变前川西云杉年轮指数与前一年11月月均最高温、5-7月月均温、6月月均最高温、7月月均最低温呈显著正相关;鳞皮冷杉则与前一年11月月均温、11月月均最高温和12月月均温呈显著正相关;表明升温突变前林线树木生长分别受夏季和冬季温度控制;升温突变后川西云杉年轮指数与前一年11月月均温呈显著负相关,和当年2月降水量及7月月均最低温呈显著正相关;而鳞皮冷杉则与当年5月月均温和5月月均最低温呈显著负相关,与5月降水的正相关性达到最大;表明升温突变后林线川西云杉生长依然受夏季温度控制,而鳞皮冷杉生长则受到春季干旱胁迫的影响。未来气候若随着升温出现干暖化,则林线鳞皮冷杉可能会发生明显的响应分歧现象。     

Non-Structural Carbohydrates Regulated by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Varied with Organs and Fertilizer Levels in Moringa oleifera Seedlings

Moringa oleifera (moringa) is an important fodder tree species. Although several researches study the effects of fertilization on moringa growth, the response of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization in moringa seedlings is poorly understood. Here, we employed a pot experiment to investigate the effects of N and P fertilization on NSC dynamics in moringa seedlings in southern China. The results showed that the moringa root NSCs were 427 mg g⁻¹ in the control treatment (over 50% of the total NSCs, 739.8 mg g⁻¹), while the leaf NSCs only stored about 10% of NSCs in the individual tree. Compared to the control treatment, the NSCs in leaf, stem, and root of moringa seedlings were greatly reduced by N and P fertilization, which could be explained by the dilution effects of increased biomass following fertilization. However, the magnitude of NSC change with fertilization varied with tissue and N & P application levels. Our results suggest that there is a trade-off between structural carbohydrates (SCs) and NSCs among different organs in morniga seedlings. As moringa seedlings may have specific nutrient acquiring strategies that differs from their adult tree, long-term and large-scale researches should focus on the effects and underlying mechanisms of fertilization on the trade-off between SC and NSC in seedling and the adult tree of moringa in future.