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We continuously receive the external information from multiple sensors simultaneously. The brain must judge a source event of these sensory informations and integrate them. It is thought that judging the simultaneity of such multisensory stimuli is an important cue when we discriminate whether the stimuli are derived from one event or not. Although previous studies have investigated the correspondence between an auditory-visual (AV) simultaneity perceptions and the neural responses, there are still few studies of this. Electrophysiological studies have reported that ongoing oscillations in human cortex affect perception. Especially, the phase resetting of ongoing oscillations has been examined as it plays an important role in multisensory integration. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of phase resetting for the judgment of AV simultaneity judgement tasks. The subjects were successively presented with auditory and visual stimuli with intervals that were controlled as SOA50% and they were asked to report whether they perceived them simultaneously or not. We investigated the effects of the phase of ongoing oscillations on simultaneity judgments with AV stimuli with SOAs in which the detection rate of asynchrony was 50 %. It was found that phase resetting at the beta frequency band in the brain area that related to the modality of the following stimulus occurred after preceding stimulus onset only when the subjects perceived AV stimuli as simultaneous. This result suggested that beta phase resetting occurred in areas that are related to the subsequent stimulus, supporting perception multisensory stimuli as simultaneous. 相似文献
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Norifumi Shioda Masahiro Sawai Yuta Ishizuka Tomoaki Shirao Kohji Fukunaga 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(35):21663-21675
We have reported previously that dopamine D2 receptor stimulation activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) δ3, a CaMKII nuclear isoform, increasing BDNF gene expression. However, the mechanisms underlying that activity remained unclear. Here we report that CaMKIIδ3 is dephosphorylated at Ser332 by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), promoting CaMKIIδ3 nuclear translocation. Neuro-2a cells transfected with CaMKIIδ3 showed cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, but the staining was predominantly nuclear when CaMKIIδ3 was coexpressed with PP1. Indeed, PP1 and CaMKIIδ3 coexpression significantly increased nuclear CaMKII activity and enhanced BDNF expression. In support of this idea, chronic administration of the dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist aripiprazole increased PP1 activity and promoted nuclear CaMKIIδ3 translocation and BDNF expression in the rat brain substantia nigra. Moreover, aripiprazole treatment enhanced neurite extension and inhibited cell death in cultured dopaminergic neurons, effects blocked by PP1γ knockdown. Taken together, nuclear translocation of CaMKIIδ3 following dephosphorylation at Ser332 by PP1 likely accounts for BDNF expression and subsequent neurite extension and survival of dopaminergic neurons. 相似文献
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Shumpei Watanabe Shinji Ohno Yuta Shirogane Satoshi O. Suzuki Ritsuko Koga Yusuke Yanagi 《Journal of virology》2015,89(5):2710-2717
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Ridwansyah Iwan Yulianti Meti Apip Onodera Shin-ichi Shimizu Yuta Wibowo Hendro Fakhrudin M. 《Limnology》2020,21(3):487-498
Limnology - The Cimanuk River with a total watershed area of 4010.8 km2 flowing from the Garut Regency to Indramayu Delta is the longest in West Java Province. However, the cumulative... 相似文献
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Limnology - The in-stream processing of nutrients plays an important role in the fluvial nutrient transport from lands to the ocean, but few empirical studies have addressed the temporal dynamics... 相似文献
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Applied Entomology and Zoology - The pink citrus rust mite, Aculops pelekassi (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae), is a serious pest and is widely distributed in most citrus-growing areas of the world.... 相似文献
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Taichi Nakatani Mitsuhiro Iwasaki Atsuhiro Yamamichi Yuta Yoshioka Toshihiro Uesaka Yuko Bitoh Kosaku Maeda Takumi Fukumoto Tatsuya Takemoto Hideki Enomoto 《Development, growth & differentiation》2020,62(4):214-222
Missense mutations of the RET gene have been identified in both multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A/B and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR: congenital absence of the enteric nervous system, ENS). Current consensus holds that MEN2A/B and HSCR are caused by activating and inactivating RET mutations, respectively. However, the biological significance of RET missense mutations in vivo has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we introduced one MEN2B-associated (M918T) and two HSCR-associated (N394K and Y791F) RET missense mutations into the corresponding regions of the mouse Ret gene by genome editing (RetM919T, RetN396K and RetY792F) and performed histological examinations of Ret-expressing tissues to understand the pathogenetic impact of each mutant in vivo. RetM919T/+ mice displayed MEN2B-related phenotypes, including C-cell hyperplasia and abnormal enlargement of the primary sympathetic ganglia. Similar sympathetic phenotype was observed in RetM919T/- mice, demonstrating a strong pathogenetic effect of the Ret M918T by a single-allele expression. In contrast, no abnormality was found in the ENS of mice harboring the Ret N394K or Y791F mutation. Most surprisingly, single-allele expression of RET N394K or Y791F was sufficient for normal ENS development, indicating that these RET mutants exert largely physiological function in vivo. This study reveals contrasting pathogenetic effects between MEN2B- and HSCR-associated RET missense mutations, and suggests that some of HSCR-associated RET missense mutations are by themselves neither inactivating nor pathogenetic and require involvement of other gene mutations for disease expressivity. 相似文献
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