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Yuki Shibayama 《Limnology》2012,13(2):199-205
Different disturbance regimes in aquatic habitats may bring about life-history differentiation in aquatic plants. However, there is little information on this association. Adult longevity, seed size and mass, and seed-germination characteristics were surveyed for Nymphoides coreana populations, which grow in different types of aquatic habitats, to demonstrate life-history differentiation. Seed size and seed mass were significantly greater in paddy-field populations (disturbed habitats) than in irrigation-pond populations (stable habitats). Paddy-field populations were composed of annuals, whereas irrigation-pond populations contained perennials. Seed-germination characteristics were significantly different between paddy-field and irrigation-pond populations. The moist-chilling pretreatment period needed to release innate seeds from dormancy was significantly shorter in paddy-field populations than in irrigation-pond populations. The percentage of seeds that germinated was significantly higher under anaerobic conditions, irrespective of light, and under light aerobic conditions compared to dark aerobic conditions in paddy-field populations. Conversely, in irrigation-pond populations, the percentage of seeds that germinated was highest under light anaerobic conditions. These results show that the reaction norm of seed-germination characteristics was significantly broader in annual populations than in perennial populations. The occurrence of aquatic habitats with different disturbance regimes thus contributes to the maintenance of phenotypic diversity in N. coreana populations.  相似文献   
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A coiled-coil microtubule-bundling protein, p180, was originally reported as a ribosome-binding protein on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is highly expressed in secretory tissues. Recently, we reported a novel role for p180 in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) expansion following stimulated collagen secretion. Here, we show that p180 plays a key role in procollagen biosynthesis and secretion in diploid fibroblasts. Depletion of p180 caused marked reductions of secreted collagens without significant loss of the ER membrane or mRNA. Metabolic labeling experiments revealed that the procollagen biosynthetic activity was markedly affected following p180 depletion. Moreover, loss of p180 perturbs ascorbate-stimulated de novo biosynthesis mainly in the membrane fraction with a preferential secretion defect of large proteins. At the EM level, one of the most prominent morphological features of p180-depleted cells was insufficient ribosome association on the ER membranes. In contrast, the ER of control cells was studded with numerous ribosomes, which were further enhanced by ascorbate. Similarly biochemical analysis confirmed that levels of membrane-bound ribosomes were altered in a p180-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that p180 plays crucial roles in enhancing collagen biosynthesis at the entry site of the secretory compartments by a novel mechanism that mainly involves facilitating ribosome association on the ER.  相似文献   
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The hexadeoxynucleotide analog, L-d(CGCGCG) composed of L-deoxyribose was synthesized and clearly shown to have the same conformation and dynamic properties with natural D-d(CGCGCG) except for chirality with CD spectra. This unnatural hexanucleotide was not cleaved by bleomycin, an antitumor DNA cleaving drug, but was able to bind to the DNA binding domain of bleomycin to a similar extent with the natural one. These results strongly suggest the importance of the other moiety than the DNA binding domain for the specific DNA recognition of bleomycin. Thus, L-oligonucleotides are useful for the study of DNA-drug interactions.  相似文献   
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As a large, long-term pool and source of carbon and nutrients, woody litter is an important component of forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of the factors that regulate the rate of decomposition of coarse and fine woody debris (CFWD) of dominant tree species in a cool-temperate forest in Japan. Respiration rates of dead stems, branches, and coarse and fine roots of Fagus crenata and Quercus crispula felled 4 years prior obtained in situ ranged from 20.9 to 500.1 mg CO2 [kg dry wood]–1 h–1 in a one-time measurement in summer. Respiration rate had a significant negative relationship with diameter; in particular, that of a sample of Q. crispula with a diameter of >15 cm and substantial heartwood was low. It also had a significant positive relationship with moisture content. The explanatory variables diameter, [N], wood density, and moisture content were interrelated. The most parsimonious path model showed 14 significant correlations among 8 factors and respiration. Diameter and [C] had large negative direct effects on CFWD respiration rate, and moisture content and species had medium positive direct effects. [N] and temperature did not have direct or indirect effects, and position and wood density had indirect effects. The model revealed some interrelationships between controlling factors. We discussed the influence of the direct effects of explanatory variables and the influence especially of species and position. We speculate that the small R 2 value of the most parsimonious model was probably due to the omission of microbial biomass and activity. These direct and indirect effects and interrelationships between explanatory variables could be used to develop a process-based CFWD decomposition model.  相似文献   
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Abstract Screening of fatty acid composition in 150 strains of marine microalgae, cyanobacteria and green algae was carried out, and 20 strains showed relatively high contents of palmitoleic acid. Among them, two cyanobacteria, Phormidium sp. NKBG 041105 and Oscillatoria sp. NKBG 091600, showed an unusually high cis -palmitoleic acid content (54.5% and 54.4% of total fatty acid, respectively). Phormidium sp. NKBG 041105 had the highest cis -palmitoleic acid content per biomass (46.3 mg (g dry cell weight)−1), and cis -palrnitoleic acid composition was found to be constant with varying temperature. These results indicate that this cyanobacterium could be considered as a new source for palmitoleic acid.  相似文献   
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The advent of social media expands our ability to transmit information and connect with others instantly, which enables us to behave as “social sensors.” Here, we studied concurrent bursty behavior of Twitter users during major sporting events to determine their function as social sensors. We show that the degree of concurrent bursts in tweets (posts) and retweets (re-posts) works as a strong indicator of winning or losing a game. More specifically, our simple tweet analysis of Japanese professional baseball games in 2013 revealed that social sensors can immediately react to positive and negative events through bursts of tweets, but that positive events are more likely to induce a subsequent burst of retweets. We confirm that these findings also hold true for tweets related to Major League Baseball games in 2015. Furthermore, we demonstrate active interactions among social sensors by constructing retweet networks during a baseball game. The resulting networks commonly exhibited user clusters depending on the baseball team, with a scale-free connectedness that is indicative of a substantial difference in user popularity as an information source. While previous studies have mainly focused on bursts of tweets as a simple indicator of a real-world event, the temporal correlation between tweets and retweets implies unique aspects of social sensors, offering new insights into human behavior in a highly connected world.  相似文献   
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After significant injury, the liver must maintain homeostasis during the regenerative process. We hypothesized the existence of mechanisms to limit hepatocyte proliferation after injury to maintain metabolic and synthetic function. A screen for candidates revealed suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), an inhibitor of growth hormone (GH) signaling, was strongly induced after partial hepatectomy. Using genetic deletion and administration of various factors we investigated the role of SOCS2 during liver regeneration. SOCS2 preserves liver function by restraining the first round of hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy by preventing increases in growth hormone receptor (GHR) via ubiquitination, suppressing GH pathway activity. At later times, SOCS2 enhances hepatocyte proliferation by modulating a decrease in serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) that allows GH release from the pituitary. SOCS2, therefore, plays a dual role in modulating the rate of hepatocyte proliferation. In particular, this is the first demonstration of an endogenous mechanism to limit hepatocyte proliferation after injury.  相似文献   
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