Maturation of Human Herpesvirus 6A Glycoprotein O Requires Coexpression of Glycoprotein H and Glycoprotein L

Glycoprotein O (gO) is conserved among betaherpesviruses, but little is known about the maturation process of gO in human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). We found that HHV-6 gO maturation was accompanied by cleavage of its carboxyl terminus and required coexpression of gH and gL, which promoted the export of gO out of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Finally, we also found that gO was not required for HHV-6A growth in T cells.     

Characterization and partial purification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida albicans</Emphasis> Secretory IL-12 Inhibitory Factor

Background  

We have previously shown that supernatant from Candida albicans (CA) culture contains a Secretory Interleukin (IL)-12 Inhibitory Factor (CA-SIIF), which inhibits IL-12 production by human monocytes. However, the effect of CA-SIIF on secretion of other cytokines by monocytes is unknown, and detailed characterization of this factor has not been performed.     

WSV 2019: The First Committee Meeting of the World Society for Virology

The World Society for Virology (WSV) was founded and incorporated as a nonprofit organization in the United States in 2017. WSV seeks to strengthen and support both virological research and virologists who conduct research of viruses that affect humans, other animals, plants, and other organisms. One of the objectives of WSV is to connect virologists worldwide and support collaboration. Fulfilling this objective, virologists from fourteen countries in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East met on 25–27th August 2019 in Stockholm, Sweden at the Karolinska University Hospital for the first Committee Meeting of WSV. This meeting included compelling keynote and honorary speeches and a series of 18 scientific talks were given encompassing a diverse array of subjects within virology. Followed by the scientific session, a business session was held where multiple aspects and next steps of the society were discussed and charted out.     

Rapid diagnosis of infection etiology in febrile pediatric oncology patients using infrared spectroscopy of leukocytes

Rapid diagnosis of the etiology of infection is highly important for an effective treatment of the infected patients. Bacterial and viral infections are serious diseases that can cause death in many cases. The human immune system deals with many viral and bacterial infections that cause no symptoms and pass quietly without treatment. However, oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy have a very weak immune system caused by leukopenia, and even minor pathogen infection threatens their lives. For this reason, physicians tend to prescribe immediately several types of antibiotics for febrile pediatric oncology patients (FPOPs). Uncontrolled use of antibiotics is one of the major contributors to the development of resistant bacteria. Therefore, for oncology patients, a rapid and objective diagnosis of the etiology of the infection is extremely critical. Current identification methods are time‐consuming (>24 h). In this study, the potential of midinfrared spectroscopy in tandem with machine learning algorithms is evaluated for rapid and objective diagnosis of the etiology of infections in FPOPs using simple peripheral blood samples. Our results show that infrared spectroscopy enables the diagnosis of the etiology of infection as bacterial or viral within 70 minutes after the collection of the blood sample with 93% sensitivity and 88% specificity.     

The eye muscles and their innervation in the gobiid fishTridentiger trigonocephalus

The morphology and innervation of the six oculomotor muscles in the gobiid fishTridentiger trigonocephalus are described. Every rectus muscle is composed of two types of muscle fibres. Muscles attach onto the cartilaginous or fibrous sclerotica. Oblique muscles attach onto the ethmoidal plate; recti muscles attach onto the parasphenoid or a thick fibrous membrane. There is no myodome. The common oculomotor nerve is composed of four bundles, the trochlear and the externus of two. The two kinds of fibres of the lateral rectus and the two distinct bundles of the nerve VI suggest a possible homology between this muscle in fishes and the lateral rectus+retractor bulbi in mammals.