Diurnal rhythm of Viburnum awabuki and Betula luminifera volatiles and electroantennogram response of Batocera horsfieldi

By the method of Tenax-TA absorbent adsorption combined with GC-MS, this paper analyzed the changes of the diurnal rhythm of the volatiles in the healthy branches and Batocera horsfieldi-damaged branches of Viburnum awabuki and Betula luminifera, and electroantennogram technique was used to perform a comparative analysis on the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of unmated male and female B. horsfieldi to the volatiles. After the feeding by B. horsfieldi, there was a decrease in the contents of limonene, nonanal, hexadecane, butyl acrylate, and 3-methyl-butanoic acid in damaged branches of V. awabuki and in the neohexane and hexadecane contents in damaged branches of B. luminifera. Simultaneously, new materials such as permethyl 99A, octyl alcohol, iodo, decanal, hexanal, and bioallethrin etc. were newly synthesized in the damaged branches. The EAG response values of unmated male and female B. horsfieldi adults to the volatiles in the damaged branches of B. luminifera were the highest, being 1.23 mV and 1.38 mV, while to the healthy branches of V. awabuki were the lowest, being 0.95 mV and 1.01 mV, respectively. As for the time period, the EAG response values of the adults to the volatiles were the lowest from 12:00 to 14:00, which accorded with the feeding behaviors of the adults, i. e., taking food in the field in early morning or at dusk.     

Nonparametric tests for differential gene expression and interaction effects in multi-factorial microarray experiments

Background  

Numerous nonparametric approaches have been proposed in literature to detect differential gene expression in the setting of two user-defined groups. However, there is a lack of nonparametric procedures to analyze microarray data with multiple factors attributing to the gene expression. Furthermore, incorporating interaction effects in the analysis of microarray data has long been of great interest to biological scientists, little of which has been investigated in the nonparametric framework.