薇苷菊乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨种群的控制作用

研究薇苷菊(Mikaniamicrantha)乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨(Panonychuscitri)种群的控制作用,并比较其与常用杀螨剂哒螨灵的效果.在实验室用0.1、0.2、0.4g·L^-13个浓度提取物分别喷布桔全爪螨卵、幼螨和若螨,除了01g·L^-1浓度处理对卵没有效果外,该处理幼螨、若螨存活率以及另2个浓度处理3个螨态的存活率都显著下降.在非选择性试验条件下,用这3个浓度的提取物处理叶片饲养的桔全爪螨雌螨繁殖量显著减少,寿命也显著缩短.在田间用这3个浓度的提取物在20d内连喷2次,桔全爪螨卵、幼螨和若螨的存活率都低于对照,干扰作用控制指数分别为0518、0.292、0.277,即对种群增长控制的效果分别为4.82%、70.8%、72.3%,比15%哒螨灵乳油2000倍处理更有效控制桔全爪螨的田间种群.田间试验结果还表明,提取物处理的叶片比对照和哒螨灵处理的浓绿,而且对桔全爪螨的天敌较安全     

非嗜食植物次生化合物与生态措施对美洲斑潜蝇种群控制作用的评价

应用种群动态控制的状态空间分析法,通过生命表参数模拟美洲斑潜蝇种群数量动态,通过输入不同的控制措施(施用非嗜食植物次生化合物即马缨丹乙醇提取物、施用机油乳剂和释放美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌)对美洲斑潜蝇种群动态控制的作用,研究这些控制措施的组合对美洲斑潜蝇种群动态的控制,模拟结果表明,在美洲斑潜蝇成虫产卵高峰期施用马缨丹乙醇提取物(1g·100ml^-1和机油乳剂(300X),在幼虫高峰期释放寄生蜂(2000头·100m^-2),可以达到控制美洲斑潜蝇种群增长的效果,起到保护菜豆免害的作用。     

薇甘菊挥发油的化学成分及其对昆虫的生活活性

用GC／MS分析和薇甘菊挥发油的化学成分,共鉴定了22个化 的,单萜和倍半萜及其醇和酮的衍生物是其主要成分,并研究了薇甘菊挥发油对昆虫的生物活性,结果表明,在5－10μl·株^-1的用量时,它对小菜蛾、黄曲条跳甲和猿叶虫有显著的产卵驱避作用,同时也具有一定的触杀毒力,在500、750、1000mg·L^-1浓度时,对萝卜蚜的校正虫口减退率分别为50.0%、59.86%和62.51%,然而,在500mg·L^-1浓度时,对萝卜蚜、小菜蛾和黄曲条跳甲等不同受试虫态却无熏蒸毒杀作用。     

飞机草挥发油的化学组成及其对植物、真菌和昆虫生长的影响

飞机草挥发油对5种植物幼苗生长有显著的抑制作用,受抑制的大小排序为黑麦草＞白菜＞萝卜＞四季豆＞水稻．中等浓度(800mg·L-1)飞机草挥发油对水稻稻温病菌的抑制作用最强,对长春花疫病菌的抑制作用次之,对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用最弱;其抑茵串分别为61．40％、29．27％和14．44％．10-20μl·株^-1的飞机草挥发油对小菜峨和黄曲条跳甲有显著的驱避产卵作用．经GC／MS,飞机草挥发油的化学成分主要是萜类化合物,如反式—石竹烯(16．58％)、δ—杜松烯(15．85％)、α—可巴烯(11．58％)、氧化石竹烯(9．63％)、大根香叶烯(4．96％)和α—Lu草烯(4．32％)。     

印楝素乳油对黄曲条跳甲种群控制作用评价

在生命表方法分析的基础上。建立了害虫累积为害量指标,用以描述和比较某一时间段内害虫动态持续为害力大小．应用该指标分析印楝素乳油对黄曲条跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata(F.))种群控制作用,结果表明,对成虫显著的忌避作用是其对种群控制的主要机理．印楝素0．50ml·L^-1对成虫的忌避率为83．75％,种群趋势指数I值降为0．3354,干扰作用控制指数为0．0863．采用田间试验获得的结果,避免了室内测定的空间限制,因而是评价异源植物次生化合物对害虫忌避作用的主要依据．该指标在以害虫控制为目标的动态研究中具有较好的应用前景．     

Chiral Discrimination of Ofloxacin Enantiomers Using DNA Double Helix Regulated by Metal Ions

DNA‐based chiral selectors are constructed to discriminate ofloxacin enantiomers through metal‐ion anchoring on a special DNA double helix that contains successive GC pairs. The effects of metal ions involving Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, and Pt²⁺ were studied on the regulation of DNA chiral discrimination towards ofloxacin enantiomers. It is shown that DNA‐Cu(II) complexes exhibit the highest enantioselectivities at the [Cu²⁺]/base ratio of 0.1. The enantiomeric excess can reach 59% in R‐enantiomer after being adsorbed by the RET‐Cu(II) complex. Stereoselective recognition of ofloxacin enantiomers on the double helix is tunable via external stimulus, providing a programmable desorption process to regenerate DNA. This DNA‐based chiral selector exhibits excellent reusability without apparent loss of enantioselectivity after three cycles of adsorption and desorption. Chirality 26:249–254, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

棉田优势天敌对棉铃虫种群的控制作用

采用二次正交回归旋转组合设计及其方程Ya=b0 ∑bixi ∑bijxij ∑biixi^2分别研究了棉田优势天敌类群小花蝽,异色瓢虫,龟纹瓢虫对棉铃虫卵,小花蝽,异色瓢虫,龟纹瓢虫,拟水涯狼蛛对棉铃虫1－2龄幼虫和三突花蛛,异色瓢虫,龟纹瓢虫,拟水涯狼蛛对棉铃虫3－6龄幼虫的捕食作用。通过对方程的失拟性检验和显著性检验以及对回归系数的显著性,分析了这些捕食性天敌与棉铃虫态之间的相互关系以及捕食性天敌之间的相互关系。     

Antibody dynamics of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus in infected patients and vaccinated people in China

Background

To evaluate the risk of the recurrence and the efficiency of the vaccination, we followed-up antibody responses in patients with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza and persons who received the pandemic H1N1 vaccine in Guangzhou China.

Methods

We collected serum samples from 129 patients and 86 vaccinated persons at day 0, 15, 30, 180 after the disease onset or the vaccination, respectively. Antibody titers in these serum samples were determined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay using a local isolated virus strain A/Guangdong Liwan/SWL1538/2009(H1N1).

Results

HI antibody positive rate of the patients increased significantly from 0% to 60% at day 15 (χ² = 78, P<0.001) and 100% at day 30 (χ² = 23, P<0.001), but decreased significantly to 52% at day 180 (χ² = 38, P<0.001), while that of vaccinated subjects increased from 0% to 78% at day 15 (χ² = 110, P<0.001) and 81% at day 30 (χ² = 0.32, P = 0.57), but decreased significantly to 34% at day 180 (χ² = 39, P<0.001). Geometric mean titers (GMT) of HI antibodies in positive samples from the patients did not change significantly between day 15 and day 30 (T = 0.92, P = 0.36), but it decreased significantly from 80 at day 30 to 52 at day 180 (T = 4.5, P<0.001). GMT of vaccinated persons increased significantly from 100 at day 15 to 193 at day 30 (T = 4.5, P<0.001), but deceased significantly to 74 at day 180 (T = 5.1, P<0.001). Compared to the patients, the vaccinated subjects showed lower seroconversion rate (χ² = 11, P<0.001; χ² = 5.9, P = 0.015), but higher GMT (T = 6.0, P<0.001; T = 3.6, P = 0.001) at day 30 and day 180, respectively.

Conclusion

Vaccination of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) was effective. However, about half or more recovered patients and vaccinated persons might have lost sufficient immunity against the recurrence of the viral infection after half a year. Vaccination or re-vaccination may be necessary for prevention of the recurrence.     

不同生境区稻田节肢动物群落相似性分析

根据不同生境区稻田节肢动物群落系统调查结果,应用组平均聚类分析法及主成分分析法,讨论节肢动物群落的相似（相异）性问题。结果表明：生境条件及管理措施的差异对群落的结构影响较为明显,不同生境区的稻田节肢动物群落,都能在一定距离取值时聚合成一类,而水稻品种对此影响较小。主成分分析结果由二维图表达已基本满足要求。结果说明大八镇生境区稻田节肢动物群落与岗列镇生境区稻田节肢动物群落差异较大,分别列于两个极端。海陵镇生境区稻田介于两者之间,而与岗列镇生境区稻田节肢动物群落重叠。与聚类分析结果有所差异。这可能与主成分分析法损失部分信息有关。     

Characterization of a 46 kda insect chitinase from transgenic tobacco

A 46 kDa Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) chitinase was isolated from leaves of transgenic tobacco plants containing a recombinant insect chitinase cDNA, characterized, and tested for insecticidal activity. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Q-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography and mono-S cation-exchange chromatography. Although the gene for the chitinase encoded the 85 kDa full-length chitinase as previously reported by Kramer et al. [Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 23, 691–701 (1993)], the enzyme is produced in tobacco as a 46 kDa protein that is approximately four-fold less active than the 85 kDa chitinase. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 46 kDa chitinase is identical to that of the 85 kDa chitinase. The former enzyme is not glycosylated, whereas the latter contains approximately 25% carbohydrate. The pH and temperature optima of the 46 kDa chitinaseare similar to those of the 85 kDa chitinase. The former enzyme is more basic than the latter. The 46 kDa chitinase likely consists of the N-terminal catalytic domain of the 85 kDa chitinase and lacks the C-terminal domain that contains several potential sites for glycosylation. The 46 kDa chitinase is expressed in a number of plant organs, including leaves, flowers, stems and roots. Enzyme levels are higher in leaves and flowers than in stems and roots, and leaves from the middle portion of the plant have more chitinase than leaves from the top and bottom portions. Little or no enzyme is secreted outside of the plant cells because it remains in the intracellular space, even though its transit sequence is processed. When fed at a 2% dietary level, the 46 kDa chitinase caused 100% larval mortality of the merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephilis mercator. The results of this study support the hypothesis that insect chitinase is a biopesticidal protein for insect pests feeding on insect chitinase gene-containing transgenic plants.