Analysis on the Relevance of Asthma Susceptibility with the Alteration of Integrin β 4 Expression

Accumulated research has suggested the importance of the adhesion molecules modulation as therapeutic approach for bronchial asthma. Adhesion molecules expression alteration contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma. In order to probe the roles of expression imbalance of adhesion molecules in asthma pathogenesis, expression profiling of adhesion molecules was performed using cDNA microarray assay. The results showed that the expression pattern of adhesion molecules was altered in peripheral blood leucocytes of asthma patients. In this study, we focused on one of the abnormally expressed molecule, integrin β4, which was down-regulated in all asthma patients, to analyze the relevance of asthma susceptibility with the alteration of integrin β4 expressions. Real time PCR was used to verify the down-regulation of integrin β4 in additional 38 asthma patients. Next, the 5′flanking region of integrin β4 DNA were amplified, sequenced and site-directed mutagenesis technology in correspondent variation sites were carried out. Among 4 variation sites found in 5′ flanking region of integrin β4, 3 were related to asthma susceptibility: -nt1029 G/A, -nt 1051 G/A, and -nt 1164 G/C. A reduction of human integrin β4 promoter activity was observed at mutants of these sites. This study demonstrates that various adhesion molecules in asthma patients are abnormally expressed. Mutations in 5′ flanking region result in reduced integrin β4 expression, which is related to increased risk of asthma.     

植物激素和接种方式对广西金线莲壮苗生根的影响

该文以广西野生金线莲无菌播种离体茎段为材料,采用单因素对比试验,研究了植物激素(NAA、IBA、6-BA、GA_3、KT、ZT、TDZ、2-IP)以及接种方式(竖直接种和水平接种)对壮苗生根培养的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,生长素有利于壮苗生根,NAA的效果优于IBA;细胞分裂素对壮苗生根的效果依次为6-BATDZKT=ZT 2-IPCK,其中6-BA诱导平均株高8.4 cm,3.6条根,茎粗为2.84 mm,植株生长健壮,诱导效果最好;赤霉素GA_3诱导出的植株高且直,但植株细弱,且抑制根系生长,不利于壮苗生根培养;在激素组合6-BA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)、NAA1.0 mg·L~(-1)处理中,组培苗生长健壮且根数量较多,效果最佳;水平接种能诱导出更多的根系,且便于接种操作,可以节省接种时间。因此,确定广西金线莲最适宜的壮苗生根培养基配方为1/2MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+香蕉汁100 g·L~(-1)+AC(活性炭) 1.0 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖20 g·L~(-1),最佳接种方式为水平接种。     

GA3和Spd对杜鹃开花期光合特性和抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨GA_3和Spd对杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)开花花期和开花品质的影响,研究了外源GA_3和Spd对杜鹃开花期光合特性和抗氧化系统的变化。结果表明,外源GA_3对花期有显著的提前作用,Spd对花期有明显的延迟作用,但两者均使花期延长、花径增大且成花率提高。GA_3和Spd处理提高了花期叶片的光合色素含量和净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO_2浓度(Ci);GA_3处理提高了叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr),而Spd使叶片的Tr下降,两者均有效缓解了末花期叶绿素含量的下降。GA_3和Spd处理显著降低了花瓣MDA含量,提高了抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性,并减缓了末花期SOD的下降,有效延缓了衰老进程,延长花期。以1 600 mg L~(–1) GA_3和0.10 mmol L~(-1) Spd处理效果较好,能有效提高杜鹃花的观赏品质。     

公众对园林绿地功能的认知及其对环境教育的启示——以广州市为例

以网络问卷和现场问卷、访谈的形式,分析公众对广州市园林绿地功能的认知情况,以期为环境教育场地的建设提供参考。结果显示,公众对于物种多样性和景观多样性的各项具体描述的认知情况都趋于一致,绝大多数公众认为绿地植被能发挥重要的生态功能,且公众的学历越高,其认知园林植物的欲望越强烈。在休息时,大多数公众会选择植物比较茂密的半开敞空间;在园林设计中通过增强科普信息获取的便利性和趣味性,能更好地发挥绿地的环境教育功能。     

全基因组重测序揭示青藏高原东缘及东南缘东方蜜蜂遗传多样性与适应性进化

【目的】对青藏高原东缘和东南缘及邻近地区东方蜜蜂Apis cerana样本进行群体遗传多样性与适应性进化研究,为进一步解析青藏高原东方蜜蜂的遗传资源多样性、种群扩散规律以及适应高原生境的分子进化机制提供参考。【方法】对青藏高原东缘和东南缘及邻近地区77群东方蜜蜂样本进行全基因组重测序;运用群体遗传学方法,基于群体结构、主成分分析、系统进化树、遗传分化指数、线粒体基因组单倍型以及选择信号分析对东方蜜蜂这77群及GenBank数据库下载的90群的全基因组重测序原始数据进行分析。【结果】这167群东方蜜蜂区分出来自川西高原、藏南高原、滇北高原和川北高原的4个高原型群,分属于两个进化支,平均遗传分化指数(Fst=0.1178)高于非高原型群的(Fst=0.0411)。基于种群间最小遗传距离分析,东南缘的藏南高原群、滇北高原群与滇南群具有更近的遗传关系;东缘的川西高原群、川北高原群分别与川西山地和秦巴群具有更近的遗传关系。结合线粒体基因组单倍型分析,初步推断出青藏高原东缘及东南缘高原型群体祖先单倍型及来源。选择性分析鉴定到了潜在的参与脂肪酸代谢、光转导、温度适应、卵巢发育等信号通路相关的潜在受选基因。在藏南高原和滇北高原群体中发现两个共同受选择基因ISL-1和FOXO,主要参与胰岛素分泌以应对细胞压力,暗示它们在东方蜜蜂适应青藏高原东南缘生境中发挥着重要作用。【结论】青藏高原东方蜜蜂遗传多样性丰富,东南缘的藏南高原和滇北高原群体以及东缘的川西高原和川北高原群体在遗传分化上明显区分,这4个高原群是由邻近地区非高原群扩散后的地理隔离形成了种群分化;初步筛选获得东方蜜蜂高原环境适应性潜在基因。本研究为进一步探析青藏高原东方蜜蜂适应高原生境下的分子进化机制奠定了基础。     

Morphological Characters Are Compatible with Mitogenomic Data in Resolving the Phylogeny of Nymphalid Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae)

Nymphalidae is the largest family of butterflies with their phylogenetic relationships not adequately approached to date. The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of 11 new nymphalid species were reported and a comparative mitogenomic analysis was conducted together with other 22 available nymphalid mitogenomes. A phylogenetic analysis of the 33 species from all 13 currently recognized nymphalid subfamilies was done based on the mitogenomic data set with three Lycaenidae species as the outgroups. The mitogenome comparison showed that the eleven new mitogenomes were similar with those of other butterflies in gene content and order. The reconstructed phylogenetic trees reveal that the nymphalids are made up of five major clades (the nymphaline, heliconiine, satyrine, danaine and libytheine clades), with sister relationship between subfamilies Cyrestinae and Biblidinae, and most likely between subfamilies Morphinae and Satyrinae. This whole mitogenome-based phylogeny is generally congruent with those of former studies based on nuclear-gene and mitogenomic analyses, but differs considerably from the result of morphological cladistic analysis, such as the basal position of Libytheinae in morpho-phylogeny is not confirmed in molecular studies. However, we found that the mitogenomic phylogeny established herein is compatible with selected morphological characters (including developmental and adult morpho-characters).     

肺腺癌组织中表皮生长因子受体基因突变的检测及其临床意义

目的:通过检测肺腺癌组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因的突变情况,研究EGFR突变与患者临床特征(性别、年龄和吸烟史)的相关性。方法:收集160例肺腺癌患者术前的石蜡组织标本,提取DNA后用实时定量PCR方法对EGFR基因18~21外显子进行突变检测;对基因突变结果与患者的性别、年龄和吸烟史分别做χ2检验。结果:160例肺腺癌组织标本中,有57例检测到EGFR基因突变,突变率为35.6%,且突变与患者性别、年龄和吸烟史均无显著相关性(P0.05);57例EGFR基因突变标本中,27例为19外显子缺失,22例为21外显子L858R点突变,这2种突变占总突变类型的85.96%,并且与患者性别、年龄及吸烟史无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:EGFR基因在女性不吸烟肺腺癌中有较高的突变率,突变主要集中在19外显子缺失和21外显子L858R点突变,但突变率及突变类型与患者性别、年龄和吸烟史均不相关。     

拟南芥HyPRP蛋白AZI1在大肠杆菌中的表达及其抗真菌活性分析

AZI1(AZELAIC ACID INDUCED 1)基因位于拟南芥4号染色体上,编码产物是脂质转移蛋白(lipid transfer protein, LTP)家族的一个成员。该基因在系统获得抗性(systemic acquired resistance, SAR)中具有重要功能,名称来自它可以被壬二酸(azelaic acid, AzA)诱导。已有的研究结果显示,在拟南芥中由AzA和甘油-3-磷酸(glycerol-3-phosphate, G3P)诱导的SAR反应需要AZI1和DIR1,这两个脂质转移蛋白有助于G3P的积累。为了确定AZI1蛋白是否具有抗真菌活性,本工作构建了原核表达载体pET28a-AZI1,利用大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)受体细胞制备了没有信号肽的AZI1重组蛋白。Western免疫印迹分析发现通过半乳糖苷类似物IPTG诱导表达的AZI1重组蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在。体外抑菌实验以及激光共聚焦显微观察结果表明,用镍离子亲和层析树脂纯化的AZI1重组蛋白对灰霉菌、赤霉菌、棉花枯萎病菌和酿酒酵母细胞的生长/分裂均具有抑制作用。