Regional features of the cellular composition of different zones of lymph nodes in the adult human

The amount of plasma cells is connected with intensity of humoral immunological reactions. In people died an accidental death, the amount of immature plasma cells is the least in the axillary and the greatest--in the mesenteric nodes, especially in the thymus-independent zone. The amount of lymphoblasts and large lymphocytes, reflecting intensity of the humoral and cellular immune reactions, is also the greatest in the mesenteric lymph nodes, both in the thymus-dependent and in the thymus-independent zone. In all probability, the intensity of the immunological processes is minimal in the axillary, it is middle in the iliac and cervical and it is maximal in the mesenteric lymph nodes. In each case it is probably connected with peculiarities of antigenic composition of the lymph inflow. The mesenteric lymph nodes are on the way of the foreign protein getting into the intestine. This is evidently reflected by the highest content of immature plasma cells, lymphoblasts and large lymphocytes in them.     

Changes in the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum during T-lymphocyte differentiation

The pattern of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum changes on different stages of T-lymphocyte differentiation was studied An enriched population of stem cells has LDH-5, 4 and 3 isoenzymes, and much less LDH-2 activity. The isoenzyme pattern of thymic cell precursors consists of LDH-5, 4, 3 and 2. All the five LDH isoenzymes were found in cortical thymocytes. Medullary thymocytes reveal LDH-5, 4 and 3 isoenzymes. T-lymphocytes of peripheral lymphoid organs contain mainly LDH-5 and in a lesser degree LDH-4 activity.     

Effect of Lincocin Treatment on the Greening Process in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Leaves

The effect of lincocin (a plastid protein synthesis inhibitor) treatment on the greening process of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves have been studied. In comparison with control leaves treated ones had a decreased rate of chloroplast development. They had a marked chlorophyll deficiency and a decreased chlorophyll a/b ratio. Some long and short wavelength forms of chlorophyll a were lacking as evidenced from the absorption spectra at 25°C and the fluorescence spectra at 77°K. The –¹⁴CO₂ fixation was inhibited by 80–90% in treated leaves. The fluorescence induced by the measuring light was greater in the treated leaves than in the control ones, and the kinetics of the decline of the relative fluorescence intensity were also different. Electron microscopic studies showed macrogranum-like structures and incomplete membrane vesicles in the treated plastids. After longer treatment a destruction of membranes was observed. The results indicate some structural and functional membrane deficiencies and instability of the membranes.     

Lecithotrophic development and metamorphosis in the Indo-West Pacific brittle star Ophiomastix venosa (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Summary

The larval development of the ophiocomid ophiuroid Ophiomastix venosais described using SEM. The gastrula transforms into a uniformly ciliated early larva which progressively changes into a lecithotrophic late premetamorphic larva with a continuous bilateral ciliated band. This stage is short-lived and equivalent to a highly reduced ophiopluteus. Comparisons between O. venosa and other ophiuroid species whose development has been investigated suggest that, whatever the developmental mode (lecithotrophic or planktotrophic), a pluteus stage always occurs in ophiuroids with planktonic development. Two metamorphic stages were identified, the late metamorphic larva differing from the early one by the closure of the larval mouth. The appearance of the permanent mouth marks the end of the metamorphosis. The postlarva still possesses remnants of larval features. The transformation of the reduced ophiopluteus into a barrel-shaped metamorphic larva with transverse ciliated bands, a vitellaria larva, is followed. The possible occurrence of a unique type of metamorphic larva in non-brooding ophiuroids is discussed. Verification of this, however, needs further SEM investigations on metamorphic larva from species having “regular” planktotrophic development.     

Effect of thymocytes on the quantity of polypotent hematopoietic mast cells in the spleen of sublethally irradiated mice]

With the aid of Till and McCulloch's method, 5 times 10(-6) thymic cells were found to cause an increase in the number of hemopoietic endogenous spleen colonies in syngeneic donor-recipient combination. Thymic cells of C57BL mice had no effect on the number of endogenous colonies in the spleen. 40 times 10(-6) thymic cells administered 24 hr after sublethal irradiation caused an increase in the number of colony forming units in the spleen within 14 days. Possible ways of the thymus effect on hemopoiesis are discussed.     

Cytological identification of the lymphocytes in highly leukemic AKR/J mice in ontogenesis. Effect of somatotropin on the cellular composition of the lymphoid organs]

In AKR/J mice lymphocytes of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes can be classified according to their morphology as revealed by the Stockinger and Kellner staining: I--basophilic cytoplasm, 1--3 large basophilic nucleoli (blast cells), II--basophilic cytoplasm, 1--4 small clearly visible nucleoli (T-lymphocytes), III-weakly basophilic cytoplasm, 1-4 small fairly visible nucleoli (B-lymphocytes). The number of cells of types I and II increases with the progressing of leucaemia. After the administration of somatotrophic hormone the number of cells of types I and II increases only in the lymphoid organs of 5 months old AKR/J mice.