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排序方式: 共有2200条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Arata Hidano Takehisa Yamamoto Yoko Hayama Norihiko Muroga Sota Kobayashi Takeshi Nishida Toshiyuki Tsutsui 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Multidrug-resistant enterococci are considered crucial drivers for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants within and beyond a genus. These organisms may pass numerous resistance determinants to other harmful pathogens, whose multiple resistances would cause adverse consequences. Therefore, an understanding of the coexistence epidemiology of resistance genes is critical, but such information remains limited. In this study, our first objective was to determine the prevalence of principal resistance phenotypes and genes among Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail chicken domestic products collected throughout Japan. Subsequent analysis of these data by using an additive Bayesian network (ABN) model revealed the co-appearance patterns of resistance genes and identified the associations between resistance genes and phenotypes. The common phenotypes observed among E. faecalis isolated from the domestic products were the resistances to oxytetracycline (58.4%), dihydrostreptomycin (50.4%), and erythromycin (37.2%), and the gene tet(L) was detected in 46.0% of the isolates. The ABN model identified statistically significant associations between tet(L) and erm(B), tet(L) and ant(6)-Ia, ant(6)-Ia and aph(3’)-IIIa, and aph(3’)-IIIa and erm(B), which indicated that a multiple-resistance profile of tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, and kanamycin is systematic rather than random. Conversely, the presence of tet(O) was only negatively associated with that of erm(B) and tet(M), which suggested that in the presence of tet(O), the aforementioned multiple resistance is unlikely to be observed. Such heterogeneity in linkages among genes that confer the same phenotypic resistance highlights the importance of incorporating genetic information when investigating the risk factors for the spread of resistance. The epidemiological factors that underlie the persistence of systematic multiple-resistance patterns warrant further investigations with appropriate adjustments for ecological and bacteriological factors. 相似文献
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A quantitative estimation of sequential foliage development and fertility inDryopteris crassirhizoma
Toshiyuki Sato 《Journal of plant research》1989,102(3):445-455
The foliage development ofDryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai was quantitatively estimated by measurements of shape and size of leaves from different developmental stages of sporophytes,
to lead to an understanding of the life history characteristics of the species. The number of midrib branches (NV, number
of veins) of the leaf corresponds to the leaf-shape complexity (DI, dissection index; shape complexity from a circle) and
length of leafblade (BL). Some quantitative characters, such as leaf uniformity (decrease in NV variation), changes in shape
and increase in number of leaves, vary progressively during foliage formation. The sequence of foliage development can be
quantified using the parameter NV: for example, 15-NV for leaf uniformity, 30-NV for leaf-shape change from triangular to
oblanceolate, 60-NV for increase in leaf number and leaf fertility in the course of sporophyte ontogeny.
Contribution No. 3297 from the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University. 相似文献
4.
Toshiyuki Hamaoka Yasuyuki Takai Atsushi Kosugi Yumiko Mizushima Junko Shima Tsuneo Kusama Hiromi Fujiwara 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1985,20(3):183-188
Summary A new haptenic compound, a muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative (designated as L4-MDP-ONB) cross-reactive with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) was synthesized. The cross-reactivity of L4-MDP hapten to BCG was demonstrated from the following evidence; (a) lymph node cells from BCG-primed C3H/HeN mice exhibited appreciable L4-MDP-specific proliferative responses to the in vitro stimulation of L4-MDP-modified syngeneic cells (L4-MDP-self); (b) inoculation of L4-MDP-self into footpads of BCG-primed C3H/HeN mice elicited ample delayed type-hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in vivo as measured by footpad swelling; and (c) BCG-primed mice contained L4-MDP-reactive helper T cell activity which functions to augment the generation of effector T cell responses to cell surface antigens. This crossreactivity between L4-MDP hapten and BCG as measured by the helper T cell activity was applied to enhanced induction of tumor-specific immunity. When BCG-primed C3H/HeN mice were immunized with L4-MDP-modified syngeneic X5563 tumor cells, these mice could generate augmented tumor-specific in vivo protective (tumor neutralizing) immunity as well as in vitro cytotoxic T cell responses. These results indicate the effectiveness of L4-MDP hapten in augmenting tumor-specific immunity. The present approach is discussed in the context of potential advantages of this new hapten for its future application to clinical tumor systems. 相似文献
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Kaeko Tozawa Eiji Arakawa Toshiyuki Chikuma Yoshihiro Oh-hashi Ryuichi Yajima Katsumichi Takeda Hiroshi Shinozaki† Takeshi Kato† 《Journal of neurochemistry》1990,55(3):745-749
Axonal transport of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) activity was studied in rat sciatic nerves from 12 to 120 h after double ligations. The anterograde axonal transport increased and reached a plateau between 48 and 72 h and then decreased. The flow rate was 100 mm/day, and the molecular mass of the active entity was 70 kDa, which was determined by gel filtration. In contrast, there was no evidence for significant retrograde axonal transport. Anterograde axonal transport of immunoreactive cholecystokinin, a carboxy-terminal-amidated putative neuropeptide, was also found. These results suggest that PAM is transported by a rapid axonal flow and may play a role as a processing enzyme during transport or in the terminals of rat sciatic nerves. 相似文献
8.
Tutomu Yasui W. B. Esselen Toshiyuki Fukazawa Yoshio Hashimoto 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(8):632-636
Heat penetration data on canned corned beef and luncheon meat are presented. The effects of can size, retort temperature and composition on process requirements and quality are demonstrated and discussed. 相似文献
9.
Katsuji Haneda Takefumi Oishi Hiroshi Kimura Toshiyuki Inazu 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2018,26(8):2092-2098
A microbioreactor immobilized with a synthase-type mutant enzyme, Endo-M-N175Q (glycosynthase) of endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase derived from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M), was constructed and used for glycoconjugate synthesis. The transglycosylation was performed with a reaction mixture containing an oxazoline derivative of sialo complex-type glycoside (SG), which was prepared from a sialo complex-type glycopeptide SGP derived from hen egg yolk, as a glycosyl donor and N-Fmoc-N-acetylglucosaminyl-l-asparagine [Fmoc-Asn(GlcNAc)-OH] as an acceptor. The reaction mixture was injected into a glycosynthase microbioreactor at a constant flow rate. Highly efficient and nearly stoichiometric transglycosylation occurred in the microbioreactor, and the transglycosylation product was eluted from the other end of the reactor. The glycosynthase microbioreactor was stable and could be used repeatedly for a long time. 相似文献
10.
Double-Stranded RNA in Rice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Toshiyuki Fukuhara 《Journal of plant research》1999,112(1):131-138
Oryza sativa ) and wild rice (O. rufipogon) tissues. It is detected at every developmental stage, and is transmitted very efficiently to progeny via seeds (more than
98%). The dsRNA is maintained at a constant level (approximately 100 copies/cell) in almost all tissues. However, the number
of copies increases about 10-fold when host cells are grown in suspension culture. Complete nucleotide sequences of cultivated
rice (temperate japonica rice, cv. Nipponbare, J-dsRNA) and wild rice (W-1714, W-dsRNA) dsRNAs have been determined. Both wild and cultivated rice
dsRNAs have a single long open reading frame (ORF) containing the conserved motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA
helicase. The coding strands of both contain a site-specific discontinuity (nick) at nt 1,211 (J-dsRNA) or at nt 1,197 (W-dsRNA)
from the 5′ end of their coding strand. Rice dsRNA has several unique properties and can be regarded as a novel RNA replicon.
This paper discusses the origin and evolution of the rice dsRNA.
Received 23 October 1998/ Accepted in revised form 15 December 1998 相似文献