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排序方式: 共有75条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Michinari Hamaguchi Koichiro Maeno Yoshiyuki Nagai Masao Iinuma Tetsuya Yoshida Toshisada Matsumoto 《Microbiology and immunology》1980,24(1):51-63
When p-fluorophenylalanine (FPA) was added to influenza virus RI/5+-infected cells 4 hr after infection, virus-specific proteins were synthesized but infectious progeny virus was not produced. In these cells, synthesis of viral RNA was strongly inhibited and nucleoprotein (NP) antigen was found predominantly in the nucleus in contrast to untreated cells in which NP antigen was distributed throughout the whole cell. The intracellular location and migration of NP were examined by isotope labeling followed by fractionation of infected cells. In untreated cells, a large portion of the NP was present in the cytoplasm and most of it was detected in the form of ribonucleoprotein (RNP). In contrast, in FPA-treated cells little viral RNP was detectable and NP was present predominantly in the nucleus in a nonassembled, soluble form. When FPA was removed from the culture, synthesis of viral RNA was soon restored and a large amount of viral RNP appeared in the cytoplasm; this was followed by the production of infectious virus. The results of the experiments suggest that the NP synthesized in the presence of FPA is not assembled into viral RNP because of the lack of available RNA, and such NP migrates readily into the nucleus and accumulates there. 相似文献
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Juvenile and adolescent male chimpanzees sometimes threaten older, apparently stronger individuals such as mature females. I label the behavior harassment. Harassment comprises 25 behaviors, 14 of which are accompanied by the use of objects such as branches: Clubbing, flailing and throwing are the most common. Females respond to harassment with 10 behaviors, including scream, avoid, ignore, and retaliate. Females tend to respond to harassment by juvenile males by ignoring them. However, they are more likely to retaliate, scream or avoid in response to harassment by adolescent males. I propose the rank improvement hypothesis that harassment initiates the process of male domination of females, and compare the predictions derived from it with those of the exploratory aggression hypothesis. Males stopped harassing females significantly earlier when females ignored them versus when they did not ignore them. This is not consistent with the exploratory aggression hypothesis. Males harassed adult females significantly longer when females retaliated than when they did not, which is consistent with the rank improvement hypothesis. Although the observations are congruent with my hypothesis, we need more data to test it. 相似文献
5.
Md. Motiar Rohman Md. Daud Hossain Toshisada Suzuki Goro Takada Masayuki Fujita 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(2):301-309
The onion (Allium
cepa L.) bulb has a high level of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and it is a rich source of sulfur compounds as well as flavonoids. To investigate interactions
between onion bulb GSTs and metabolites, we separated onion bulb GSTs (GSTa and GSTb as minor GSTs and GSTc, GSTd and GSTe
as dominant GSTs) by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. In Western blot analysis with anti-CmGSTF1 antiserum, GSTc and GSTd fractions showed a thick band. A cDNA (AcGSTF1) corresponding to GSTc was immunoscreened with the same antiserum from an onion bulb cDNA library and its bacterial expression product was also
subjected to investigation. Among the sulfur compounds, nonphysiological compounds, S-hexyl glutathione (GSH) and S-butyl GSH, showed strong inhibitory effects on 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenezene (CDNB)-conjugating activities of GSTa, GSTb and
GSTe. However, physiological sulfur compounds, S-methyl GSH, S-propyl GSH, S-lactoyl GSH and S-ethyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide, had small or almost no inhibitory effects. Therefore, onion sulfur compounds might have the least possibility
to be substantial inhibitors of onion GSTs. On the other hand, the activities of GSTc, GSTd and AcGSTF1 were strongly inhibited by flavonoids, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol. Ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of
onion bulb contained quercetin-4′-glucoside as a major inhibitory substance. The strong inhibitory effects of quercetin-4′-glucoside
on GSTc and GSTd as well as on AcGSTF1 (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50): 9.5, 7.5 and 11.2 μM, respectively) along with its high concentration (226 μM) in the onion bulb indicates that quercetin-4′-glucoside
is a physiological inhibitor of dominant GSTs in the onion bulb. 相似文献
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Toshisada Nishida 《Primates; journal of primatology》1989,30(1):129-138
Results of a nine-day survey of the chimpanzee habitat in Ugalla area of western Tanzania in 1975 is reported. The most dominant
vegetation of the area wasJulbernardia globiflora woodland. Evidence of chimpanzees, both indirect (such as beds, faeces, and food remnants) and direct (calls and actual observation),
suggests that chimpanzees are sparsely distributed throughout the area, but that they disproportionately useBrachystegia bussei woodland along escarpments andCynometra-Albizzia riverrine forests. The hilly country of Sisegwa/Mnyangwa was the only area where chimpanzees appeared to be comparatively
abundant. Mammal hair found in faeces indicates mammal-predation by the chimpanzees in this area. Hard-shelled fruits ofStrychnos were apparently bitten open without the use of extra-somatic objects. The food repertoire included fruits of the generaAzanza, Canthium, Cordia, andTamarindus. 相似文献
8.
Dominance among male chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park,Tanzania: A preliminary study
Hitoshige Hayaki Michael A. Huffman Toshisada Nishida 《Primates; journal of primatology》1989,30(2):187-197
Dominance relationships among male chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, were analyzed. Although all
adolescent males were unequivocally subordinate to all adult males, dominance relationships within the age classes were much
less clear. Especially among adolescent males, few pant-grunts or agonistic interactions occurred. While adolescent males
frequently pant-grunted at adult males, these latter males, except the alpha and the youngest, rarely pant-grunted to one
another. This suggests that a difference of social status exists between adolescent and adult males. Adult males rarely display
overt dominance to one another probably because the presence of other males affects their interactions. Moreover, they seem
to try to keep their dominance relationship ambiguous when making it overt is not advantageous to them. This may be a political
way for males to coexist with one another in a unit-group. 相似文献
9.
Hanamura S Kiyono M Lukasik-Braum M Mlengeya T Fujimoto M Nakamura M Nishida T 《Primates; journal of primatology》2008,49(1):77-80
A flu-like disease spread among chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of the M group at Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, from June to July 2006. This epizootic or epidemic killed up
to 12 chimpanzees. The obvious evidence of their deaths came from finding the bodies of three infants who had previously shown
some symptoms of the disease. At least one of these infants died of pneumonia. In addition, nine chimpanzees were missing
after the outbreak. These individuals were assumed to have been killed by this epizootic because most of them had contact
with the infected individuals on the last days they were observed. We also found two dead bodies during this period, which
were thought to be those of two missing individuals. We confirmed 23 (35.4%) of 65 individuals of the M group showed some
symptoms of the disease, although most of them (20/23) did not die. More than half of them (14/23) had kin showing symptoms.
Since this epizootic may have been caused by contact with humans, it will be necessary to establish and follow appropriate
protocols for researchers, tourists, and park staff to observe chimpanzees, and to explore the mechanism of disease transmission
from humans to chimpanzees and among chimpanzees. 相似文献
10.
Gunji H Hosaka K Huffman MA Kawanaka K Matsumoto-Oda A Hamada Y Nishida T 《Primates; journal of primatology》2003,44(2):145-149
We examined bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae of four chimpanzee skeletons from Mahale Mountains
National Park, Tanzania, and four captive ones, with a dual energy X-ray absorptiometer. The BMD of Wansombo, an old female
chimpanzee from Mahale , was remarkably lower than the mean of the other six younger adult female chimpanzees and categorized
as osteoporosis. Posture, locomotion, and trunk-sacral anatomy of chimpanzees may have prevented fractures in Wansombo, whose
BMD was below human osteoporosis criteria.
Electronic Publication 相似文献