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Colares Tamiris Gago de Figueiredo Camila Saggioro de Oliveira Jesus Souza Lucienne dos Santos Aline Araujo Giestal-de-Araujo Elizabeth 《Neurochemical research》2021,46(7):1701-1716
Neurochemical Research - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a classical pro-inflammatory cytokine known to display neuroprotective roles in the central nervous system including the retina. In the present... 相似文献
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In disturbed sites, some groups of seeds might be excluded from the seed rain due to their dispersal modes or seed size, and
some groups might be successful as a result of disturbance effects. In the present study, we examined the seed rain in natural
treefall gaps and in an area of regenerating forest following an accidental burning, which occurred 4 years before this study.
Both of these disturbed areas were compared with nearby forest understorey. The number of seeds, number of species, and proportion
of wind-dispersed seeds were compared between these disturbed and undisturbed areas. The treefall gaps have received lower
numbers of seeds and species than the nearby understorey, but the number of wind-dispersed seeds did not differ between these
areas. The lowest seed number observed in treefall gaps can be attributed to a lower number of animal-dispersed seeds, suggesting
that animals may be avoiding treefall gap areas. A higher number of seeds and a lower number of species were observed in the
burned area when compared to the adjacent understorey. The high number of small-sized seeds and of wind-dispersed seeds in
the burned area was almost surely a consequence of the local production of the pioneer plants established after the burning.
In this study, substantial differences were observed in the characteristics of the seed rain at disturbed sites, when compared
with undisturbed understorey. However, these two distinct types of disturbance showed quite differing patterns, as treefall
gaps received lower number of seeds while the burned area received a higher number of seeds, with a greater proportion of
wind-dispersed seeds. The exception was for species richness, which was quite low at both these disturbed sites. 相似文献
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Giorgio Vallortigara Mario Zanforlin Silvia Compostella 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》1990,85(2):89-102
Chicks were trained to discriminate between two identical boxes on the basis of their position. Subsequently, the colour of parts of the positive (reinforced) box was changed and chicks were retrained. Results showed that chicks were more or less impaired during retraining depending on the spatial distribution of the changed stimuli. Chicks behaved as if a figure (a disc or a spot of dots) painted on a box was irrelevant to them, whereas they did respond to changes in the colour of a uniformly coloured box or of scattered dots painted on a box. Similar results were obtained in simultaneous discrimination learning tasks involving addition of cues (e.g. colour plus position). Addition of cues facilitated learning using boxes the same colour all over or with painted scattered dots, but not using boxes with a disc or a spot of dots. Furthermore, addition of shape and position information had different outcomes depending on the use of three-dimensional objects or of painted figures: learning facilitation occurred only using three-dimensional objects. Results are interpreted in terms of an “object hypothesis”, and the validity and usefulness of traditional terms such as cues is questioned. 相似文献
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Daiana T. Mancini Karina S. Matos Elaine F.F. da Cunha Tamiris M. Assis Ana P. Guimarães 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2013,31(1):125-136
Brucella suis is a dangerous biological warfare agent already used for military purposes. This bacteria cause brucellosis, a zoonosis highly infective and difficult to fight. An important selective target for chemotherapy against this disease is nucleoside hydrolase (NH), an enzyme still not found in mammals. We present here the first three-dimensional structure of B. suis NH (BsNH) and propose this enzyme as a molecular target to the drug design in the fight against brucellosis. In addition, we performed molecular docking studies, aiming to analyze the three-dimensional positioning of nine known inhibitors of Chritidia fasciculata NH (CfNH) in the active sites of BsNH and CfNH. We also analyzed the main interactions of some of these compounds inside the active site of BsNH and the relevant factors to biological activity. These results, together with further molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, pointed out to the most promising compound as lead for the design of potential inhibitors of BsNH. Most of the docking and MD results corroborated to each other and the docking results also suggested a good correlation with experimental data. 相似文献
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Bringhenti I Schultz A Rachid T Bomfim MA Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA Aguila MB 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》2011,22(11):1009-1014
Fetal programming is linked to adulthood metabolic and chronic diseases. We hypothesized that early fish oil (FO) intake would revert the programming responses in adult offspring. Pregnant mice were fed either standard chow (SC) or a low-protein diet (LP) throughout pregnancy/lactation. At weaning, the following groups were formed: SC and SC-FO, LP and LP-FO, which were fed SC or SC+FO, respectively. The LP offspring are predisposed to becoming fat, hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic. In addition, during adulthood, they become hypertensive with hepatic steatosis and have a high level of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1). However, LP offspring that were fed an FO-enriched diet have decreased body mass (BM) gain and lower final BM. In addition, with this diet, these mice have improved lipid metabolism with a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglyceride (TG) levels, reduced fat pad masses and reduced adipocyte size. Furthermore, these LP offspring show reduced liver structural damage of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver steatosis with low SREBP-1 protein expression and high peroxisome proliferator activity receptor-alpha expression, and improvement of blood pressure (BP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha level. Early fish oil intake has beneficial effects on the programming responses that control body fat pad, glucose and lipid metabolism, and liver and adipose tissue structure in adult programmed offspring. 相似文献
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Vinícius de Oliveira Ottone Flávio de Castro Magalh?es Fabrício de Paula Núbia Carelli Pereira Avelar Paula Fernandes Aguiar Pamela Fiche da Matta Sampaio Tamiris Campos Duarte Karine Beatriz Costa Tatiane Líliam Araújo Candido Celso Coimbra Fábio Yuzo Nakamura Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim Etel Rocha-Vieira 《PloS one》2014,9(12)
Purpose
We evaluated the effect of different water immersion (WI) temperatures on post-exercise cardiac parasympathetic reactivation.Methods
Eight young, physically active men participated in four experimental conditions composed of resting (REST), exercise session (resistance and endurance exercises), post-exercise recovery strategies, including 15 min of WI at 15°C (CWI), 28°C (TWI), 38°C (HWI) or control (CTRL, seated at room temperature), followed by passive resting. The following indices were assessed before and during WI, 30 min post-WI and 4 hours post-exercise: mean R-R (mR-R), the natural logarithm (ln) of the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal R–R (ln rMSSD) and the ln of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (ln SD1).Results
The results showed that during WI mRR was reduced for CTRL, TWI and HWI versus REST, and ln rMSSD and ln SD1 were reduced for TWI and HWI versus REST. During post-WI, mRR, ln rMSSD and ln SD1 were reduced for HWI versus REST, and mRR values for CWI were higher versus CTRL. Four hours post exercise, mRR was reduced for HWI versus REST, although no difference was observed among conditions.Conclusions
We conclude that CWI accelerates, while HWI blunts post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, but these recovery strategies are short-lasting and not evident 4 hours after the exercise session. 相似文献8.
When a flat figure of uniform color and with an elliptic contour is slowly rotated around an axis orthogonal to the plane of the image, an observer set in the frontal position will perceive it first as a rotating ellipse. After a few seconds of inspection, the ellipse appears to deform with an amoeba-like movement until it appears as a rigid, circular disk tilting back and forth in 3-D space; finally it is seen as a rotating ellipsoid tilted in depth at a constant inclination angle with respect to the rotating platform. In an attempt to provide an explanation for the apparent ellipsoid, the authors present a mathematical model based on an hypothesis of velocity differences minimization, successfully used to describe other stereokinetic phenomena, such as the rotating cone and the tilted bar. This technique does not make use of Ullman's ridigity hypothesis for extracting depth from 2-D moving stimuli. A comparison with experimental results supports the validity of the model. 相似文献
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In this paper an analysis has been made of the variations in sensitivity to movement in flesh flies (Calliphoridae) when placed in front of various fixed screens structured with black and white stripes. Two vertical bands moving from the centre to the periphery were projected onto these screens. The threshold of sensitivity to these bands was measured using the landing reaction (LR). The results are compared with maximal values of theoretically predicted responses to movement, obtained using the model of non linear (2nd order) interaction between two pairs of neighbouring ommatidia (Reichardt, 1969) and taking into account the lateral inhibitory interaction between moving stripes and the background (4th order, p-order 2), as proposed by Reichardt and Poggio (1976). Experimental and theoretical results matched reasonably well except for screens with fixed alternate black and white stripes whose angular frequency ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 rad-1, and for two screens of greatly reduced luminosity. 相似文献
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The effect of insulin resistance and exercise on the percentage of CD16+ monocyte subset in obese individuals 下载免费PDF全文
Mariana A. de Matos Tamiris C. Duarte Vinícius de O. Ottone Pmela F. da M. Sampaio Karine B. Costa Marcos F. Andrade de Oliveira Pope L. Moseley Suzanne M. Schneider Cndido C. Coimbra Gustavo E. A. Brito‐Melo Flvio de C. Magalhes Fabiano T. Amorim Etel Rocha‐Vieira 《Cell biochemistry and function》2016,34(4):209-216