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排序方式: 共有212条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Keith M. Harris Jia-Jia Syu Owen D. Lello Y. L. Eileen Chew Christopher H. Willcox Roger H. M. Ho 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
There is considerable need for accurate suicide risk assessment for clinical, screening, and research purposes. This study applied the tripartite affect-behavior-cognition theory, the suicidal barometer model, classical test theory, and item response theory (IRT), to develop a brief self-report measure of suicide risk that is theoretically-grounded, reliable and valid. An initial survey (n = 359) employed an iterative process to an item pool, resulting in the six-item Suicidal Affect-Behavior-Cognition Scale (SABCS). Three additional studies tested the SABCS and a highly endorsed comparison measure. Studies included two online surveys (Ns = 1007, and 713), and one prospective clinical survey (n = 72; Time 2, n = 54). Factor analyses demonstrated SABCS construct validity through unidimensionality. Internal reliability was high (α = .86-.93, split-half = .90-.94)). The scale was predictive of future suicidal behaviors and suicidality (r = .68, .73, respectively), showed convergent validity, and the SABCS-4 demonstrated clinically relevant sensitivity to change. IRT analyses revealed the SABCS captured more information than the comparison measure, and better defined participants at low, moderate, and high risk. The SABCS is the first suicide risk measure to demonstrate no differential item functioning by sex, age, or ethnicity. In all comparisons, the SABCS showed incremental improvements over a highly endorsed scale through stronger predictive ability, reliability, and other properties. The SABCS is in the public domain, with this publication, and is suitable for clinical evaluations, public screening, and research. 相似文献
2.
3.
William Henry Willcox 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1916,1(2878):297-300
4.
D. R. C. Willcox 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1952,1(4772):1322-1325
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6.
Philip H. Willcox 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1949,2(4635):1050-1051
7.
George Willcox 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2005,14(4):534-541
In this article we examine the natural habitats and distribution of the six wild cereals: Triticum urartu (wild urartu wheat), T. boeoticum aegilopoides (single-grained wild einkorn), T. boeoticum thaoudar (two-grained wild einkorn), T. dicoccoides (wild emmer wheat), Secale spp. (wild ryes) and Hordeum spontaneum (wild barley). A comparison of late Pleistocene/early Holocene archaeobotanical assemblages in the Near East with present-day
distributions of wild cereals shows a good correlation. The regional variation in the archaeobotanical cereal assemblages
and the ensuing domestication provide evidence that different cereal species were domesticated independently in different
areas. Some sites were not situated near wild cereal habitats and a few were located outside the limits of distribution, even
accounting for moister climatic conditions. I argue here that current models which try to explain the shift to farming have
tended to over-emphasize the effect of the Younger Dryas climatic change. First, it would have had only a minor effect on
cereal availability. Secondly, agriculture appears to have been established after the Younger Dryas. Thirdly, there is no
evidence for a single centre of origin; agriculture arose in widely separated geographic and climatic regions. And fourthly,
agriculture depends on stable climatic conditions which were not established until after the Younger Dryas. 相似文献
8.
Renxun Chen Nerida Cole Mark D.P. Willcox Josephine Park Riaz Rasul Elizabeth Carter 《Biofouling》2013,29(6):517-524
Infection associated with implanted biomaterials is common and costly and such infections are extremely resistant to antibiotics and host defenses. Consequently, there is a need to develop surfaces which resist bacterial adhesion and colonization. The broad spectrum synthetic cationic peptide melimine has been covalently linked to a surface via two azide linkers, 4-azidobenzoic acid (ABA) or 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl azide (FNA), and the resulting surfaces characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. The quantity of bound peptide was estimated by a modified Bradford assay. The antimicrobial efficacy of the two melimine-modified surfaces against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was compared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Attachment of melimine via ABA gave an approximately 4-fold greater quantity of melimine bound to the surface than attachment via FNA. Surfaces melimine-modified by either attachment strategy showed significantly reduced bacterial adhesion for both strains of bacteria. P. aeruginosa exposed to ABA–melimine and FNA–melimine surfaces showed marked changes in cell morphology when observed by SEM and a reduction of approximately 15-fold (p < 0.001) in the numbers of adherent bacteria compared to controls. For the ABA–melimine surface there was a 33% increase in cells showing damaged membranes (p = 0.0016) while for FNA–melimine there was no significant difference. For S. aureus there were reductions in bacterial adhesion of approximately 40-fold (p < 0.0001) and 5-fold (p = 0.008) for surfaces modified with melimine via ABA or FNA, respectively. There was an increase in cells showing damaged membranes on ABA–melimine surfaces of approximately 87% (p = 0.001) compared to controls, while for FNA–melimine there was no significant difference observed. The data presented in this study show that melimine has excellent potential for development as a broad spectrum antimicrobial coating for biomaterial surfaces. Further, it was observed that the efficacy of antimicrobial activity is related to the method of attachment. 相似文献
9.
Fabio Pizza Isabelle Jaussent Regis Lopez Carole Pesenti Giuseppe Plazzi Xavier Drouot Smaranda Leu-Semenescu Severine Beziat Isabelle Arnulf Yves Dauvilliers 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Background
Drowsiness compromises driving ability by reducing alertness and attentiveness, and delayed reaction times. Sleep-related car crashes account for a considerable proportion of accident at the wheel. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) are rare central disorders of hypersomnolence, the most severe causes of sleepiness thus being potential dangerous conditions for both personal and public safety with increasing scientific, social, and political attention. Our main objective was to assess the frequency of recent car crashes in a large cohort of patients affected with well-defined central disorders of hypersomnolence versus subjects from the general population.Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study in French reference centres for rare hypersomnia diseases and included 527 patients and 781 healthy subjects. All participants included needed to have a driving license, information available on potential accident events during the last 5 years, and on potential confounders; thus analyses were performed on 282 cases (71 IH, 82 NT2, 129 NT1) and 470 healthy subjects.Results
Patients reported more frequently than healthy subjects the occurrence of recent car crashes (in the previous five years), a risk that was confirmed in both treated and untreated subjects at study inclusion (Untreated, OR = 2.21 95%CI = [1.30–3.76], Treated OR = 2.04 95%CI = [1.26–3.30]), as well as in all disease categories, and was modulated by subjective sleepiness level (Epworth scale and naps). Conversely, the risk of car accidents of patients treated for at least 5 years was not different to healthy subjects (OR = 1.23 95%CI = [0.56–2.69]). Main risk factors were analogous in patients and healthy subjects.Conclusion
Patients affected with central disorders of hypersomnolence had increased risk of recent car crashes compared to subjects from the general population, a finding potentially reversed by long-term treatment. 相似文献10.