塔里木胡杨林可培养胡杨内生细菌多样性与群落结构的时空演变格局

阐明塔河,Kiyik河,Ugan河这3条河胡杨内生细菌多样性及群落结构时空演变格局。2011年5月上旬与9月下旬从Kiyik,Ugan古河道和塔河主河道的6个采样位点采集24棵树的胡杨茎秆内存液样,用4种培养基分离纯化了588株胡杨内生细菌。16S r DNA序列分析表明,588株细菌分别属于6大类群:γ-变形菌纲(50.17%),厚壁菌门(34.58%),放线菌门(10.17%),α-变形菌纲(4.24%),拟杆菌门(0.50%),β-变形菌纲(0.34%),47个属,114种。其中有211株菌的16S r DNA相似率98.0%,它们分别属于19个属的41个物种,是胡杨林本源的潜在新菌种。假单胞菌属(29.76%)和芽孢杆菌属(19.05%)为优势属。与Pseudomonas xinjiangensis相聚类的潜在新种(74株,12.585%)是本源优势菌种。辛普森多样性指数显示,Kiyik河多样性指数为0.931,塔河为0.935;Ugan河最高,为0.969。香农-威纳均匀度指数表明,Ugan河的分布最均匀,均匀度指数为0.8570;塔河次之,为0.8314;Kiyik河最低,为0.7937。时空变化对比分析表明:整体上塔里木胡杨林内生菌群落结构的原生态状态保持较好,较少地遭受到外来优势菌群的侵染。其中,Kiyik古河道的内生菌群落结构保持原生态最好,很少受外来菌群的清洗与取代;Ugan河次之,内生菌群落结构发生了一定程度的变迁;塔河主河道细菌群落结构发生了较大程度的改变,被人类活动带来的外来常见优势菌群生态冲刷的趋势明显。     

Human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T-cell activity is detectable from birth in the majority of in utero-infected infants

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants in sub-Saharan Africa typically progress to AIDS or death by 2 years of life in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. This rapid progression to HIV disease has been related to immaturity of the adaptive immune response in infants. We screened 740 infants born to HIV-infected mothers and tracked development and specificity of HIV-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses in 63 HIV-infected infants identified using gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assays and intracellular cytokine staining. Forty-four in utero-infected and 19 intrapartum-infected infants were compared to 45 chronically infected children >2 years of age. Seventy percent (14 of 20) in utero-infected infants tested within the first week of life demonstrated HIV-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses. Gag, Pol, and Nef were the principally targeted regions in chronic pediatric infection. However, Env dominated the overall response in one-third (12/36) of the acutely infected infants, compared to only 2/45 (4%) of chronically infected children (P = 0.00083). Gag-specific CD4⁺ T-cell responses were minimal to undetectable in the first 6 months of pediatric infection. These data indicate that failure to control HIV replication in in utero-infected infants is not due to an inability to induce responses but instead suggest secondary failure of adaptive immunity in containing this infection. Moreover, the detection of virus-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses in the first days of life in most in utero-infected infants is encouraging for HIV vaccine interventions in infants.     

新疆小白杏在护手霜中的应用

目的:将新疆南疆地区栽种的主要经济作物之一小白杏应用于化妆品领域,发挥其保持皮肤弹性、柔软和透明的功效。方法:以小白杏杏仁油为原料,运用正交实验设计,加入一定量的乳化剂,通过改变乳化温度、时间、转速,使油相与水相搅拌均匀。结果:最佳配方为:杏仁油13%,羊毛脂4%,蜂蜡3%,尿素3%,乳化剂1.5%,温度85℃,时间7 min,转速140 r/min。结论:以新疆小白杏杏仁油为主要原料,可研制适合于干性皮肤的防皲裂护手霜。     

红果龙葵茎和叶的抑菌作用研究

目的:研究红果龙葵茎、叶的水和乙醇提取液对常见微生物的抑菌作用。方法:制备红果龙葵茎和叶的水和乙醇提取液,用平板打孔法测定抑菌圈的方法,测定提取液对5种细菌的抑菌作用。结果和结论:红果龙葵茎和叶的水提取液和乙醇提取液对5种细菌有明显的抑制作用,乙醇提取液对5种细菌的抑菌作用强于水提取液;各提取液都显示出最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。     

Carboxylated glycans mediate colitis through activation of NF-kappa B

The role of carbohydrate modifications of glycoproteins in leukocyte trafficking is well established, but less is known concerning how glycans influence pathogenesis of inflammation. We previously identified a carboxylate modification of N-linked glycans that is recognized by S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12. The glycans are expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells of normal colonic lamina propria, and in inflammatory infiltrates in colon tissues from Crohn's disease patients. We assessed the contribution of these glycans to the development of colitis induced by CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cell transfer to Rag1(-/-) mice. Administration of an anti-carboxylate glycan Ab markedly reduced clinical and histological disease in preventive and early therapeutic protocols. Ab treatment reduced accumulation of CD4(+) T cells in colon. This was accompanied by reduction in inflammatory cells, reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and of S100A8, S100A9, and receptor for advanced glycation end products. In vitro, the Ab inhibited expression of LPS-elicited cytokines and induced apoptosis of activated macrophages. It specifically blocked activation of NF-kappaB p65 in lamina propria cells of colitic mice and in activated macrophages. These results indicate that carboxylate-glycan-dependent pathways contribute to the early onset of colitis.     

一株分离自胡杨的赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus)ML-64的微生物学特性

摘要:【目的】从胡杨茎秆液中分离得到的一株菌株ML-64,对其进行微生物学特性的分析。【方法】通过细菌培养和染色的方法进行了形态和培养特征的检测,使用多相分类学方法测定菌株的各项生理生化指标,脂肪酸组分、醌组分、极性脂类型、16S rRNA基因系统发育分析、(G+C)mol%含量的测定和DNA-DNA杂交分析。【结果】菌株ML-64为革兰氏阳性菌,杆状,产生芽孢。菌落为圆形,淡黄色,表面光滑。菌株生长温度范围为10－45℃(最适37℃),pH范围为7.0－9.0(最适pH7.0),NaCl浓度范围为0－6%(W/V) (最适0－2%)。菌株ML-64 的类脂酯酶,精氨酸双水解酶,脲酶活性和VP-实验为阳性。在API 50CH酶活性检测实验中菌株不能发酵任何糖类。可利用的碳源有: L-丝氨酸,丙酮酸甲酯,α-酮-丁酸,乙酰乙酸。对多粘菌素B(30 μg)、新生霉素(30 μg)、青霉素G(10 U)不敏感。16S rRNA基因序列分析结果表明,菌株ML-64T与ysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T,Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T有密切亲缘关系。相似率分别为100%和99.1%。菌株ML-64与Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T和Lysinibacillus massiliensis CIP108446T之间的杂交率分别为82%和50.9%。基因组DNA(G+C)mol%含量为36.8%。菌株ML-64优势脂肪酸类型为iso-C15:0(55.05%)和anteiso-C15:0(20.70%),醌组分类型是MK-7。【结论】基于表型特征、遗传型特征和系统发育分析,将菌株定为Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi的新变种,获得序列注册号为KC609752。胡杨内生菌ML-64的基因组结构已与最近源菌株L．chungkukjangi产生了较大的分化,选择性地适应了胡杨内生环境。     

新疆四个民族八对遗传性状的基因频率

在调查新疆维吾尔、哈萨克、柯尔克孜、塔吉克族8对遗传性状的基础上分别计算出8对遗传性状在上述4个民族中的基因频率, 并进行了4个民族之间基因频率的比较。比较结果表明:塔吉克与其他3个民族之间基因频率的差异显著,而哈族与柯族之间的差异不显著。 Abstract:Acoording to the investigation of eight pairs of genetic traits among four minorities in Xinjiang (Uygur,Kazak,Kirgiz and Tajik),the gene frequencies of these traits were respectively calculated and compared.The results indicated that the difference of gene frequencies between Tajik and other three populations significant,while it is insignificant between kazak and Kirgiz.