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PRACHY DIXIT SUDHIR SINGH RAMACHANDRAN VANCHEESWARAN KIRANMAYI PATNALA SUSAN EAPEN 《Plant, cell & environment》2010,33(10):1697-1707
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required for growth and development of all organisms. Deficiency of Zn in humans is widespread, affecting 25% of world population and efforts are underway to develop crop plants with high levels of Zn in their edible parts. When strategies for enhancing Zn in crop plants are designed, it is essential to exclude cadmium (Cd), a toxic analogue of Zn. In the present work, a high affinity and high specificity zinc transporter gene (tzn1) from Neurospora crassa was cloned and introduced into Nicotiana tabacum with the objective of enhancing the potential of plants for zinc acquisition. When grown in hydroponic medium spiked with 65Zn, transgenic plants showed enhanced accumulation of Zn (up to 11 times) compared to control plants, which was confirmed further by environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X‐ray analysis. More importantly, no significant difference in uptake of Cd2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ and Pb2+ between the transgenic and control plants was observed. The present studies have shown that Neurospora crassa tzn1 is a potential candidate gene for developing transgenic plants for improving Zn uptake, without co‐transport of Cd and may have implications in Zn phytofortification and phytoremediation. 相似文献
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Contribution of trees to carbon storage in soils of silvopastoral systems in Florida, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Silvopastoral systems that integrate trees in pasture production systems are likely to enhance soil carbon (C) storage in lower soil layers due to the presence of deep tree roots. To quantify the relative soil C contribution from trees (C3 plants) and warm season grasses (C4 plants) in silvopastoral systems, soil samples were collected and analyzed from silvopastures of slash pine ( Pinus elliottii )+bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum ), and adjacent open pasture (OP), at six depths down to 125 cm, at four sites representing two major soil orders (Spodosols and Ultisols) of Florida. The plant sources of C in whole (nonfractionated) and three soil fraction sizes (250–2000, 53–250, and <53 μm) were traced using stable C isotope signatures. The silvopasture sites contained higher amounts of C3-derived soil organic carbon (SOC) compared with OP sites, at all soil depths. Slash pine trees (C3 plants) seemed to have contributed more C in the silt+clay-sized (<53 μm) fractions than bahiagrass (C4 plants), particularly deeper in the soil profile. Spodosols sites contained more C in the <53 μm fraction at and below the spodic horizon (occurring between 15 and 50 cm) in silvopasture compared with OP. The results indicate that most of SOC in deeper soil profiles and the relatively stable <53 μm C fraction were derived from tree components (C3 plants) in all the sites, suggesting that the tree-based pasture system has greater potential to store more stable C in the soil compared with the treeless system. 相似文献
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GRAHAM THORNICROFT ATALAY ALEM RENATO ANTUNES DOS SANTOS ELIZABETH BARLEY ROBERT E. DRAKE GUILHERME GREGORIO CHARLOTTE HANLON HIROTO ITO ERIC LATIMER ANN LAW JAIR MARI PETER McGEORGE RAMACHANDRAN PADMAVATI DENISE RAZZOUK MAYA SEMRAU YUTARO SETOYA RANGASWAMY THARA DAWIT WONDIMAGEGN 《World psychiatry》2010,9(2):67-77
This paper provides guidance on the steps, obstacles and mistakes to avoid
in the implementation of community mental health care. The document is intended
to be of practical use and interest to psychiatrists worldwide regarding the
development of community mental health care for adults with mental illness.
The main recommendations are presented in relation to: the need for coordinated
policies, plans and programmes, the requirement to scale up services for whole
populations, the importance of promoting community awareness about mental
illness to increase levels of help-seeking, the need to establish effective
financial and budgetary provisions to directly support services provided in
the community. The paper concludes by setting out a series of lessons learned
from the accumulated practice of community mental health care to date worldwide,
with a particular focus on the social and governmental measures that are required
at the national level, the key steps to take in the organization of the local
mental health system, lessons learned by professionals and practitioners,
and how to most effectively harness the experience of users, families, and
other advocates. 相似文献
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