Moist lower montane rainforest classification: a case study from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park,Uganda

Moist lower montane vegetation has rarely been classified beyond broad zonational belts over large altitudinal ranges due to highly diverse species composition and structure. This study shows it is possible to further classify such forest types within Bwindi‐Impenetrable National Park (BINP), and that these assemblages can be explained by a combination of environmental conditions and past management. Botanical and environmental data were collected along some 4000 m of linear transects from the area surrounding Mubwindi Swamp, BINP. Ordination using Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and classification using Two‐way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) successfully identified four different species assemblages. These forest types were then named on the basis of the ecological characteristics of the species within the group, and the environmental conditions influencing the distribution and past disturbance of the forest. The techniques used were in agreement for three out of the four forest types identified. Analysis using an environmental overlay showed a significant association between forest type and altitude. The results of this study indicate that a regional classification of forest types within moist lower montane forest belt using only tree species is possible, and that the forest types identified can be explained by environmental conditions and past management.