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排序方式: 共有111条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
EA Dukhanina TI Lukyanova EA Romanova V Guerriero NV Gnuchev GP Georgiev DV Yashin LP Sashchenko 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2015,14(22):3635-3643
PGRP-S (Tag7) is an innate immunity protein involved in the antimicrobial defense systems, both in insects and in mammals. We have previously shown that Tag7 specifically interacts with several proteins, including Hsp70 and the calcium binding protein S100A4 (Mts1), providing a number of novel cellular functions. Here we show that Tag7–Mts1 complex causes chemotactic migration of lymphocytes, with NK cells being a preferred target. Cells of either innate immunity (neutrophils and monocytes) or acquired immunity (CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes) can produce this complex, which confirms the close connection between components of the 2 branches of immune response. 相似文献
2.
Thigmomorphogenesis: The induction of callose formation and ethylene evolution by mechanical perturbation in bean stems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mordecai J. Jaffe Moshe Huberman James Johnson Frank W. Telewski 《Physiologia plantarum》1985,64(2):271-279
Mechanical perturbation by rubbing of the first internode of 11–12 day old plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Cherokee wax induces the rapid deposition of callose in the cells of phloem and other tissues. Callose deposition begins immediately after mechanical perturbation, and shows a minor transient peak 1.5 h, and a major peak 6 h later. The callose gradually disappears and is gone after 3 days. If the stems are perturbed every day, the amount of callose decreases by day 2 but then gradually increases again through day 12. Both the top and bottom of the internode produce callose in response to mechanical perturbation. The evolution of ethylene in response to mechanical perturbation begins after 1 h, peaks at 2–3 h and is gone by 5–6 h. A spray of 10−2 M 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DDG) completely blocks stem thickening, callose deposition and ethylene evolution due to mechanical perturbation. DDG at 10−5 to 10−4 M blocks callose production in mechanically perturbed stem segments and increases ethylene evolution from unperturbed stem segments to greater levels than those obtained by mechanically perturbed segments. It is concluded that mechanical perturbation of bean stems tissue induces deposition of callose more rapidly than it induces evolution of ethylene and that DDG can block both processes. 相似文献
3.
Computer-Assisted Image Analysis of Plant Growth, Thigmomorphogenesis, and Gravitropism 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Mordecai J. Jaffe Andrew H. Wakefield Frank Telewski Edward Gulley Ronald Biro 《Plant physiology》1985,77(3):722-730
A nonintrusive auxonometric system, based on the DARWIN image processor (Telewski et al. 1983 Plant Physiol 72: 177-181), is described and demonstrated in the analysis of gravitropism and thigmomorphogenesis in corn seedlings (Zea mays). Using this system, growth and bending of regularly shaped plants or organs can be quickly and accurately measured without, in any way, interfering with the plant. Furthermore, the growth and bending curves are automatically plotted. Thigmomorphogenesis in the aerial part of corn seedlings involves growth promotion at a low force load and growth retardation at higher force loads. The time courses of the two kinds of response are somewhat different, with retardation occurring immeditely after mechanical perturbation and growth promotion taking somewhat longer to begin. Gravitropic experiments show that when dark-grown corn seedlings are placed on their side in the light, the resulting curvature is due to two consecutive morphological mechanisms. In the first instance, lasting for about 15 minutes, the elongation of the bottom edge of the plant accelerates, while the elongation of the top edge remains constant. After that, for the next 1.75 hours, the elongation of the top edge decelerates and stops while that of the bottom edge remains constant at the increased rate for most of the period. The measurements taken from both experiments at relatively high resolution (0.08-0.1 millimeter) show that the growth curves are not smooth but show many small irregularities which may or may not involve micronutations. 相似文献
4.
Differing Neurochemical and Morphological Sequelae of Global Ischemia: Comparison of Single- and Multiple-Insult Paradigms 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Baowan Lin Mordecai Y.-T. Globus W. Dalton Dietrich Raul Busto Elena Martinez Myron D. Ginsberg 《Journal of neurochemistry》1992,59(6):2213-2223
The purpose of this investigation was to investigate pathomechanisms responsible for the deleterious effects of repeated episodes of brief forebrain ischemia. Halothane-anesthetized male Wistar rats were subjected to either (a) a single 15-min period or (b) three 5-min periods (separated by 1 h) of global forebrain ischemia by bilateral carotid artery occlusions plus hypotension (50 mm Hg), followed by various periods of recirculation. Brain temperature was normothermic throughout. In one series of rats, extracellular levels of glutamate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured in the dorsolateral striatum (n = 6-8 per group) and lateral thalamus (n = 4-6 per group) by microdialysis and HPLC before and during ischemia and during 3-5 h of recirculation. In a parallel series of rats (n = 6 per group), ischemic cell change was quantified at 2 (dark neurons), 24, or 72 h following either single or multiple ischemic insults. A single 15-min ischemic period led to massive glutamate release (13-fold increase; p = 0.001), which returned to normal by 20-30 min of recirculation and remained normal thereafter. By contrast, in rats with three 5-min periods of ischemia, the glutamate level rise with each repeated insult (four- to 4.5-fold; p < or = 0.02) was smaller than that observed during the single 15-min insult, but a late sustained rise (five- to six-fold; p < 0.05) occurred at 2-3 h of recirculation. Brief ischemia-induced elevations of glycine and GABA levels were detected in both the single- and multiple-insult groups, with normalization during recirculation. In contrast, the excitotoxic index, a composite measure of neurotransmitter release ([glutamate] x [glycine]/[GABA]), differed markedly following single versus multiple insults (p = 0.002 by repeated-measures analysis of variance) and increased by seven- to 12-fold (p < 0.05) at 1-3 h following the third insult. The total amount of glutamate released was 3.3-fold higher in the multiple-insult than in the single-insult group (p < 0.02). At 2 h of recirculation, histopathological analysis of dorsolateral striatum showed a significantly greater frequency of dark neurons in the multiple- than in the single-insult group (p < 0.05 by analysis of variance). In the thalamus, a higher frequency of ischemic neurons was seen in the multiple-than in the single-insult group at all intervals studied. Thus, in rats with multiple ischemic insults, accelerated ischemic damage was found in the striatum, and severe ischemic injury was documented in the thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
5.
Plasminogen activator and collagenase production by cultured capillary endothelial cells 总被引:33,自引:17,他引:16 下载免费PDF全文
Cultured bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells produce low levels of collagenolytic activity and significant amounts of the serine protease plasminogen activator (PA). When grown in the presence of nanomolar quantities of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), BCE cells produced 5-15 times more collagenolytic activity and 2-10 times more PA than untreated cells. The enhanced production of these enzymes was dependent on the dose of TPA used, with maximal response at 10(-7) to 10(-8) M. Phorbol didecanoate (PDD), an analog of TPA which is an active tumor promoter, also increased protease production. 4-O-methyl-TPA and 4α-PDD, two analogs of TPA which are inactive as tumor promoters, had no effect on protease production. Increased PA and collagenase activities were detected within 7.5 and 19 h, respectively, after the addition of TPA. The TPA-stimulated BCE cells synthesized a urokinase-type PA and a typical vertebrate collagenase. BCE cells were compared with bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells and bovine embryonic skin (BES) fibroblasts with respect to their production of protease in response to TPA. Under normal growth conditions, low levels of collagenolyic activity were detected in the culture fluids from BCE, BAE, and BES cells. BCE cells produced 5-13 times the basal levels of collagenolytic activity in response to TPA, whereas BAE cells and BES fibroblasts showed a minimal response to TPA. Both BCE and BAE cells exhibited relatively high basal levels of PA, the production of which was stimulated approximately threefold by the addition of TPA. The observation that BCE cells and not BAE cells produced high levels of both PA and collagenase activities in response to TPA demonstrates a significant difference between these two types of endothelial cells and suggests that the enhanced detectable activities are a property unique to bovine capillary and microvessel and endothelial cells. 相似文献
6.
Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parfollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells 下载免费PDF全文
Parafollicular cells (PC) of the sheep thyroid gland are neural crest derivatives that synthesize and release the biogenic amine serotonin (5-HT) as well as the hormone calcitonin. The thyroid also contains a highly specific serotonin-binding protein (SBP). Separation of dissociated thyroid cells was done to study the cellular localization of SBP and to develop a means of isolating PC for study. Various methods were used to obtain an enriched and purified population of PC. Minced thyroid glands were enzymatically dissociated and the cells were layered on a Ficoll linear density gradient. Fractions obtained from the gradient were examined for cell number, viability, 5-HT concentration, SBP activity, and morphology by electron microscopy. One of the fractions was found to be enriched in PC. High levels of 5-HT and SBP were also found in this fraction, whereas these levels were low where the majority of cells were found. This PC-rich fraction, however, contained numerous follicular cells (FC); therefore, additional approaches to cell separation were used. FC can be stimulated in vitro with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to become intensely phagocytic. When stimulated cells were incubated in the presence of silica microspheres, the FC engulfed the microspheres, which were toxic to them. PC did not become phagocytic and were unharmed by the microspheres. Suspended cells, after incubation with microspheres, were centrifuged on a discontinuous gradient, and a PC-rich fraction was obtained. Silica, however, interfered with analysis of SBP. Another method to take advantage of the phagocytic potential of FC was therefore used. TSH-stimulated cell suspensions were passed through a column of sepharose to which thyroglobulin had been coupled. Stimulated FC apparently adhered to the beads and were retained by the columns. Fractions eluting from the columns were greatly enriched with PC. These fractions contained high levels of 5-HT and SBP, and considerably reduced FC contamination was found by quantitative electron microscopy. It is concluded that SBP is localized to PC in the sheep thyroid. The idea that these cells resemble serotonergic neurons in their mechanisms of 5-HT storage is supported. 相似文献
7.
In a three-hour bioassay, we tested the palatability and feeding preferences of Uresiphita maorialis (kōwhai moth) for Sophora tetraptera, Sophora microphylla and Sophora prostrata. Palatability tests showed no differences among the Sophora species. Feeding preferences, on the other hand, showed that S. tetraptera and S. microphylla leaves are preferred over S. prostrata leaves. Our results support our field observations in Wellington city parks and gardens showing that S. tetraptera and S. microphylla plants frequently have higher densities of larvae than S. prostrata. 相似文献
8.
Jolanda?HM?van Bilsen Josée?PA?Wagenaar-Hilbers Maarten?JF?van der Cammen Mariska?EA?van Dijk Willem?van Eden Marca?HM?WaubenEmail author 《Arthritis research & therapy》2002,4(4):R2
We have recently found that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are targets for T-cell and B-cell reactivity in experimental
arthritis. In the present article, we investigate whether modulation of MMP-specific T-cell responses could influence the
course of adjuvant arthritis (AA). Lewis rats were treated nasally with MMP peptides prior to or after AA induction. Administration
of the MMP-10 or the MMP-16 peptide prior to AA induction reduced the arthritic symptoms. In contrast, administration of the
MMP-10 peptide after AA induction aggravated the arthritic symptoms. The present study shows the possible usefulness of MMP
peptides for immunotherapy. However, a clear understanding of proper timing of peptide administration is crucial for the development
of such therapies. 相似文献
9.
Effects of medium viscosity on kinetic parameters of poly(U) hydrolysis catalyzed by RNase from Bac. intermedius 7P (binase) were studied in solutions of sucrose (4-50 wt. %) and glycerol (35-62 wt. %) in Tris--sodium acetate buffer (pH 7.5) at 25 degreesC. The rate constant of reaction kcat was practically unchanged over a wide range of viscosities (1-15 cP for sucrose and 2.5-3 cP for glycerol). In glycerol solutions, kcat slightly increased with viscosity increase from 4 to 10 cP. Addition of NaCl to the buffer medium resulted in an inhibitory effect of Na+ on kcat, prevented by 50% sucrose or 60% glycerol. It is concluded that binase-catalyzed poly(U) cleavage occurs through a "tense"-substrate mechanism, similarly to reactions catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and laccase. 相似文献
10.
Interest in the use of low-copy nuclear genes for phylogenetic analyses of
plants has grown rapidly, because highly repetitive genes such as those
commonly used are limited in number. Furthermore, because low- copy genes
are subject to different evolutionary processes than are plastid genes or
highly repetitive nuclear markers, they provide a valuable source of
independent phylogenetic evidence. The gene for granule-bound starch
synthase (GBSSI or waxy) exists in a single copy in nearly all plants
examined so far. Our study of GBSSI had three parts: (1) Amino acid
sequences were compared across a broad taxonomic range, including grasses,
four dicotyledons, and the microbial homologs of GBSSI. Inferred structural
information was used to aid in the alignment of these very divergent
sequences. The informed alignments highlight amino acids that are conserved
across all sequences, and demonstrate that structural motifs can be highly
conserved in spite of marked divergence in amino acid sequence. (2)
Maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses were used to examine exon sequence
evolution throughout grasses. Differences in probabilities among
substitution types and marked among-site rate variation contributed to the
observed pattern of variation. Of the parameters examined in our set of
likelihood models, the inclusion of among-site rate variation following a
gamma distribution caused the greatest improvement in likelihood score. (3)
We performed cladistic parsimony analyses of GBSSI sequences throughout
grasses, within tribes, and within genera to examine the phylogenetic
utility of the gene. Introns provide useful information among very closely
related species, but quickly become difficult to align among more divergent
taxa. Exons are variable enough to provide extensive resolution within the
family, but with low bootstrap support. The combined results of amino acid
sequence comparisons, maximum-likelihood analyses, and phylogenetic studies
underscore factors that might affect phylogenetic reconstruction. In this
case, accommodation of the variable rate of evolution among sites might be
the first step in maximizing the phylogenetic utility of GBSSI.
相似文献