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1.
Activity of salivary glands in secreting honey‐elaborating enzymes in two subspecies of honeybee (Apis mellifera L) 下载免费PDF全文
Aliaa A. Al‐Sherif Adel M. Mazeed Mohamed A. Ewis Emad A. Nafea El‐Seid E. Hagag Ahmed A. Kamel 《Physiological Entomology》2017,42(4):397-403
The activity of invertase, glucose oxidase and amylase in the cephalic (post‐cerebral) and thoracic salivary glands is determined in Egyptian and Carniolan honeybees (Apis mellifera L). For this purpose, three ages of worker bees are selected for enzyme assays. The results show that the three target enzymes are detected in the two glands during the three worker ages, except invertase, which cannot be detected in the cephalic gland of newly emerged bees of both subspecies. In both glands, the secretion of invertase is highest, followed by amylase and then glucose oxidase. In Carniolan bees, invertase secretion of the cephalic and thoracic glands increases gradually with age. In Egyptian bees, invertase increases with age only in the cephalic gland, whereas, in the thoracic gland, the highest secretion activity is detected in 10–15‐day‐old bees. The highest amounts of glucose oxidase and amylase in the cephalic gland are detected in newly emerged individuals of both Egyptian and Carniolan bees. In the thoracic gland, however, the highest activity of both enzymes is recorded only in newly emerged Egyptian bees. The results are discussed in the light of bee management and biological aspects of the two subspecies. 相似文献
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Ilker Kudret Sariyer Nana Merabova Prem Kumer Patel Tijana Knezevic Alessandra Rosati Maria C. Turco Kamel Khalili 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
JC virus, JCV, is a human neurotropic polyomavirus whose replication in glial cells causes the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In addition, JCV possesses oncogenic activity and expression of its transforming protein, large T-antigen (T-Ag), in several experimental animals induces tumors of neural origin. Further, the presence of JCV DNA and T-Ag have been repeatedly observed in several human malignant tissues including primitive neuroectodermal tumors and glioblastomas. Earlier studies have demonstrated that Bag3, a member of the Bcl-2-associated athanogene (Bag) family of proteins, which is implicated in autophagy and apoptosis, is downregulated upon JCV infection of glial cells and that JCV T-Ag is responsible for suppressing the activity of the BAG3 promoter. Here, we investigated the possible impact of Bag3 on T-Ag expression in JCV-infected human primary glial cells as well as in cells derived from T-Ag-induced medulloblastoma in transgenic animals. Results from these studies revealed that overexpression of Bag3 drastically decreases the level of T-Ag expression by inducing the autophagic degradation of the viral protein. Interestingly, this event leads to the inhibition of JCV infection of glial cells, suggesting that the reduced levels of T-antigen seen upon the overexpression of Bag3 has a biological impact on the viral lytic cycle. Results from protein-protein interaction studies showed that T-Ag and Bag3 physically interact with each other through the zinc-finger of T-Ag and the proline rich domains of Bag3, and this interaction is important for the autophagic degradation of T-Ag. Our observations open a new avenue of research for better understanding of virus-host interaction by investigating the interplay between T-Ag and Bag3, and their impact on the development of JCV-associated diseases. 相似文献
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Carlos A. Barrero Prasun K. Datta Satarupa Sen Satish Deshmane Shohreh Amini Kamel Khalili Salim Merali 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encoded viral protein Vpr is essential for infection of macrophages by HIV-1. Furthermore, these macrophages are resistant to cell death and are viral reservoir. However, the impact of Vpr on the macrophage proteome is yet to be comprehended. The goal of the present study was to use a stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to characterize the Vpr response in macrophages. Cultured human monocytic cells, U937, were differentiated into macrophages and transduced with adenovirus construct harboring the Vpr gene. More than 600 proteins were quantified in SILAC coupled with LC-MS/MS approach, among which 136 were significantly altered upon Vpr overexpression in macrophages. Quantified proteins were selected and clustered by biological functions, pathway and network analysis using Ingenuity computational pathway analysis. The proteomic data illustrating increase in abundance of enzymes in the glycolytic pathway (pentose phosphate and pyruvate metabolism) was further validated by western blot analysis. In addition, the proteomic data demonstrate down regulation of some key mitochondrial enzymes such as glutamate dehydrogenase 2 (GLUD2), adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) and transketolase (TKT). Based on these observations we postulate that HIV-1 hijacks the macrophage glucose metabolism pathway via the Vpr-hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) axis to induce expression of hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehyrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase muscle type 2 (PKM2) that facilitates viral replication and biogenesis, and long-term survival of macrophages. Furthermore, dysregulation of mitochondrial glutamate metabolism in macrophages can contribute to neurodegeneration via neuroexcitotoxic mechanisms in the context of NeuroAIDS. 相似文献
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Fadwa Chaabane Aline Pinon Alain Simon Kamel Ghedira Leila Chekir-Ghedira 《Cell biochemistry and function》2013,31(6):460-467
In this study, we have investigated inhibitory capacity of ethyl acetate, total oligomer flavonoid (TOF), aqueous extracts and beta amyrin acetate, a triterpene isolated from ethyl acetate extract obtained from leaves of Daphne gnidium, on mouse melanoma (B16-F0 and B16-F10 cells) proliferation. Influence of these products on percentage cell distribution in cycle phases and melanogenesis was also studied. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and flow cytometry was used to analyse effects of tested compounds on progression through the cell cycle. In addition, amounts of melanin and tyrosinase were measured spectrophotometrically at 475 nm. Ethyl acetate, TOF and aqueous extracts exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity after incubation with the two types of tumour skin cells B16-F0 and B16-F10. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis revealed that cells treated with ethyl acetate and TOF extracts were arrested predominantly in G2-M phase. Ethyl acetate extract has also the ability to enhance melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity of B16-F0 melanoma cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Winter pruning is a cultural practice used to modify vegetative growth, which is likely to affect the development of pests. However, it has been poorly defined as a cultural method for diminishing the population levels of the pomegranate aphid Aphis punicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in pomegranate orchards. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of winter pruning of pomegranate on A. punicae population and their natural enemies. The results showed that winter pruning significantly decreased the population of A. punicae (p < 0.05) in pomegranate. Also, number of natural enemies decreased in pomegranate trees after winter pruning. This technical practice affects the number of winged and wingless individuals, the mean relative growth rate, the specific age of the population and the infestation rate. Winter pruning for A. punicae control in pomegranate orchards is highly recommended. 相似文献