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Four Arabidopsis AREB/ABF transcription factors function predominantly in gene expression downstream of SnRK2 kinases in abscisic acid signalling in response to osmotic stress 下载免费PDF全文
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Calmodulin activity was detected and assayed in barley aleuronecells. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on GA3-induced enzymesynthesis and secretion in barley aleurone layers was also investigated.These calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine, haloperidol) inhibitedonly GA2-induced -amylase secretion. This inhibitory effectwas intensified after 6 h of GA3-incubation. This leads us tosuggest that some calmodulin-controlled mechanism is involvedin GA2-induced -amylase secretion. Hordeum vulgare L., barley aleurone cells, gibberellic acid, -amylase secretion, calmodulin, calmodulin antagonist 相似文献
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Food web structure of the fungivorous insect community on bracket fungi in a Bornean tropical rain forest 下载免费PDF全文
SATOSHI YAMASHITA KIYOSHI ANDO HIDETO HOSHINA NOBORU ITO YUJI KATAYAMA MAKOTO KAWANABE MUNETOSHI MARUYAMA TAKAO ITIOKA 《Ecological Entomology》2015,40(4):390-400
1. If fungivorous insect diversity is maintained by host specialisation on particular fungi, it should be higher in the tropics than in temperate or boreal regions owing to high macrofungus species diversity. 2. To reveal the community and food web structure of fungivorous insects on bracket fungi, fungivorous insects were collected from 427 fruiting bodies belonging to 22 genera throughout the development and deterioration process in a 3‐ha plot of lowland dipterocarp tropical rain forest on Borneo Island. 3. Eight hundred and twenty‐nine individuals of 82 coleopteran species in 13 families from 111 fruiting bodies of 15 fungal genera were collected. Tenebrionidae and Staphylinidae were most common. Fifty‐three and 19 insect species were observed on Ganoderma and Phellinus, respectively. The numbers of insect species and individuals on a particular fungal genus were positively correlated with the abundance of that fungal genus. 4. Quantitative food web analysis revealed a high degree of specialisation at the whole‐community level. At least 65% of insect individuals were observed on Ganoderma at every stage of development and deterioration. Diverse insects coexist on one dominant fungal genus, Ganoderma, in contrast to our hypothesis. 5. The high abundance of Ganoderma fruiting bodies, which lack obvious defences against insect feeding, probably influences the bracket fungus–insect food web in this tropical rainforest. 相似文献
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H. YOSHIOKA A. MARUYAMA T. NAKAMURA Y. HIGASHI H. FUSE S. SAKATA D. H. BARTLETT 《Geobiology》2010,8(3):223-233
We investigated methane production and oxidation and the depth distribution and phylogenetic affiliation of a functional gene for methanogenesis, methyl coenzyme M reductase subunit A (mcrA), at two sites of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311. These sites, U1327 and U1329, are respectively inside and outside the area of gas hydrate distribution on the Cascadia Margin. Radiotracer experiments using 14C‐labelled substrates indicated high potential methane production rates in hydrate‐bearing sediments [128–223 m below seafloor (mbsf)] at U1327 and in sediments between 70 and 140 mbsf at U1329. Tracer‐free experiments indicated high cumulative methane production in sediments within and below the gas hydrate layer at U1327 and in sediments below 70 mbsf at U1329. Stable tracer experiments using 13C‐labelled methane showed high potential methane oxidation rates in near‐surface sediments and in sediments deeper than 100 mbsf at both sites. Results of polymerase chain reaction amplification of mcrA in DNA were mostly consistent with methane production: relatively strong mcrA amplification was detected in the gas hydrate‐bearing sediments at U1327, whereas at U1329, it was mainly detected in sediments from around the bottom‐simulating reflector (126 mbsf). Phylogenetic analysis of mcrA separated it into four phylotype clusters: two clusters of methanogens, Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales, and two clusters of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea, ANME‐I and ANME‐II groups, supporting the activity measurement results. These results reveal that in situ methanogenesis in deep sediments probably contributes to gas hydrate formation and are inconsistent with the geochemical model that microbial methane currently being generated in shallow sediments migrates downward and contributes to the hydrate formation. At Site U1327, gas hydrates occurred in turbidite sediments, which were absent at Site U1329, suggesting that a geological setting suitable for a gas hydrate reservoir is more important for the accumulation of gas hydrate than microbiological properties. 相似文献