中国等翅目区系划分的探讨

本文首先以质、量、时、空的概念,为区系加以定义。就等翅目进行了区系的系统等级划分。简述了各区系间的地理位置、种属组成、生态特性和其经济意义。从不同分布地区存在着的物种形式与组成和数量的差异,分析它们和社会主义建设的关系。最后讨论了犀螱科的地理来源,大螱亚科在我国分布的特色及我国南方等翅目区系与其他东洋热带地区等翅目区系的亲缘关系。至于作者等新拟的华中亚区,是东洋区现有四亚区的另一亚区,主张古北区和东洋区在我国东部的分界线约在北纬35度左右。还对等翅目中文定名作了建议。     

钟冠报春苣苔(苦苣苔科)的分类鉴定

原唇柱苣苔属(Chirita Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don)为一个人为界定的属, 2011年在分子系统学研究的基础上对该属及其近缘属开展了系统发育重建工作,其中绝大部分的原唇柱苣苔属唇柱苣苔组(Sect. Gibbosaccus C. B. Clark)的物种被并入了广义报春苣苔属(Primulina Hance)。然而,由于历史原因和早期经典分类学在研究方法上的局限性以及对现报春苣苔属部分物种的营养器官与生殖器官的认知不够,该属下一些物种的分类仍存在一些问题,亟待深入研究。比如,在对中国和越南分布的苦苣苔科植物开展研究的过程中,作者发现两个报春苣苔属的物种——广布于中国西南和华南直至中南半岛中部的钟冠报春苣苔[Primulina swinglei(Merr.)Mich. Möller & A. Weber]命名人和原被认为是中国与广西特有种的疏花报春苣苔[P. laxiflora(W. T. Wang)Yin. Z. Wang]之间的鉴定存在分类学问题,需要进一步厘清两者之间的关系。该文对这两个物种进行了形态比较,同时通过对这两种植物的原始描述对比、植物标本检查、栽培观察以及野外实地观察,确定疏花报春苣苔是钟冠报春苣苔的异名。此外,还明确了钟冠报春苣苔的后选指定模式标本。     

Paleobiology of the Neoproterozoic Svanbergfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen

A fossil Lagerstätte from the 700–750 Ma old Svanbergfjellet Formation of northeastern Spitsbergen offers a substantially enhanced view of late Proterozoic paleobiology. Fossils occur primarily as Organic-walled compressions in shales and permineralizations in chert: secondary modes of preservation include bedding-plane imprints and mineral replacements in apatite and goethite (?). The depositional setting of all fossiliferous horizons is broadly peritidal with highest taxonomic diversity occurring in shallow subtidal settings; the details of included fossil assemblages contribute to improved paleoecological resolution. The often distinct constituents of shale-and chert-hosted fossil assemblages appear to be a product of both paleoenvironment and fundamentally dissimilar taphonomic pathways, such that only forms with inferred wide ecological tolerance appear in both. Consideration of taphonomic processes also provides a variety of useful taxonomic insights, on the one hand permitting some resolution of so-called wastebasket taxa. such as Chuaria, and on the other acknowledging the taxonomic disparity that can occur in simple forms like Siphonophycus and Oscillatoriopsis. True multicellular (including coenocytic) eukaryotes are a conspicuous Component of the Svanbergfjellet assemblage: of eight distinct taxa, one can be identified as a coenobial/colonial chlorococcalean and three as filamentous siphonocladaleans (Chlorophyta). Other forms are problematic, but several show significant cell, or possibly tissue, differentiation. A review of Proterozoic multicellular organisms reveals that a coenocytic grade of organization was common among early metaphytes and supports the view (that a cellularity is a derived condition in many ‘multicellular’ lineages. Nineteen acritarch taxa are preserved in the Svanbergfjellet sediments. Ten of these show a readily identifiable ornamentation and contribute significantly to Neoproterozoic biostratigraphy; a world-wide and exclusively Late Riphean distribution of the acanthomorph Trachyhystrichosphaera aimika identifies it as a particularly valuable index fossil. The Svanbergfjellel fossil assemblage preserves a total of 63 distinct forms, of which 56 are treated taxonomically. As much as possible, principles of ‘natural’ taxonomy are applied, such that taphonomic and ontogenetic variants are declined separate taxonomy status. Major taxonomic revisions are offered for the acritarchs Trachyhystrichosphaera and Chuaria as well as for the prokaryotic-grade filaments: Cephalonyx, Cyanonema, Oscillatoriopsis, Palaeolyngbya, Rugossopsis, Siphonophycus, Tortunema, and Veteronostocale. Newly erected taxa include 7 new genera: Palaeastrum. Proterocladus, Pseudotawuia, Valkyria, Cerebrosphaera, Osculosphera and Pseudodendron; 14 new species in 12 genera: Palaestrum ***dyptocranum, Proterocladus major, Proterocladus minor, Proterocladus ***hermannae. Pseudodendron birenifera, Valkyria borealis, Cerebrosphaera buickii, Osculosphaera hyaline, Pseudodendron anteridium fullerne, Germinosphaera jankauskasii, Trachyhystrichosphaera polaris, Siphonophycus thulenema and thulenema and Digitus adumbrates 7 new combinations: Leiosphaeridia wimanii, Eoentophysalis croxfordii Cephlonyx geminatus. Oscillatoriopsis amadeus. Siphonophycus typicum, Siphonophycus solidum and Tortunema Wernadskii.     

中国等翅目的分类——Ⅰ.盖(尉虫)属(新属)及其二新种与三新亚种的描述和记录(犀(尉虫)科,异(尉虫)亚科)

本文发表了犀螱科Rhinotermitidae异螱亚科Heterotermitinae的一个新属,并记述了所属2个新种及其中1个新种所包括的3个新亚种: 盖螱属Operculitermes新属 中华盖螱Operculitermes sinensis新种 中华亚种 Operculitermes sinensis sinensis新亚种 阔颏亚种 Operculitermes sinensis latipedunculus新亚种 倾头亚种 Operculitermes sinensis inclinatus新亚种 侏儒盖螱 Operculitermes minutus新种最后对异螱亚科属间及盖螱属种间的系统演化,进行了讨论。     

Relationship between vegetation,hydrology and fluvial landforms on an unregulated sand‐bed stream in the Hunter Valley,Australia

A survey of fluvial landforms was conducted at Widden Brook, an unregulated sand‐bed stream in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to investigate the physical factors associated with vegetation pattern in Riverine Oak Forest. Groundwater depth and chemistry (pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity) were measured using piezometers and submersible data loggers on three fluvial landforms (i.e. toe of bank, top of bank and floodplain) along five transects. Floristic composition, canopy cover, bare ground and leaf litter were assessed within 45 quadrats on the three landforms along the five transects. Elevation above the bed and flood return period were determined by cross‐sectional survey and flood frequency analysis, while flow duration was determined from the gauge record. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that vegetation composition was associated with average watertable depth and flood variables to a similar extent. The relative importance of these factors would be expected to vary with flood‐ and drought‐dominated climatic periods on a scale of several decades. Floristic composition was moderately associated with the canopy cover of the dominant woody species, Casuarina cunninghamiana (Miq.), but weakly correlated with bare ground and groundwater chemistry. Suites of species were associated with particular fluvial landforms and their corresponding flood and watertable conditions. The reach examined has characteristics similar to both the semi‐arid and mesic riparian ecosystems of the USA. The coarse sediments, high flood variability, short flood duration and dominance by a pioneer tree that relies on groundwater are similar to riparian ecosystems in the western USA, while the relatively broad floodplain and the development of a forest canopy that is associated with the distribution of understorey plants are similar to the mesic riparian systems in the eastern USA.