珠海市土石场空间分布特征与景观生态影响评价

人为水土流失是一种人类干扰下的典型景观退化现象．将人为侵蚀在空间上的表现称之为人为侵蚀景观．在遥感和GIS技术支持下,结合大量的实地调查资料,对珠海最主要的人为侵蚀景观类型——土石场开展空间分布分析和景观生态影响评价．调查范围内珠海土石场有235个,其中三灶、井岸两镇(区)分布最为集中,分别为28、29个．缓冲区分析表明,土石场的分布与距交通道路的远近呈对数线性相关,其中在距交通道路100～200m距离范围内分布最为集中．设计景观生态影响度评价指数,对面积大于5000m^2的152个土石场进行景观生态影响度评价结果表明,对周边景观生态环境影响极强的土石场有9个,属于强一级的有17个,应首先对这些土石场开展景观生态恢复．     

Precise mapping of a quantitative trait locus interval for spike length and grain weight in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The spike characteristics length, spikelet density and fertile floret number are related yield components and are important in cereal improvement. QSpl.nau-2D is a major quantitative trait locus controlling spike length (SPL) detected in the recombinant inbred line population developed by crossing wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars Nanda2419 with Wangshuibai. In this study, to validate its genetic effect and determine its precise location, QSpl.nau-2D’s near-isogenic line (NIL) was developed using Mianyang99-323 as the recurrent parent through marker-assisted selection. Field trials showed that the NIL not only had significantly longer spikes on average than the recurrent parent but also had significantly higher grain weight, but did not differ in spikelet number and kernel number per spike. In the F2 population derived from a cross of the NIL with Mianyang99-323, QSpl.nau-2D functioned like a single gene and conditioned the SPL in a partially dominant manner, and was thus designated as HL1 (for head length). To precisely map HL1, 89 recombinants, consisting of 11 genotypes, were identified in the NIL-derived F2 population of 674 plants by using markers in the Xwmc25–Xgpw4080 interval. Phenotyping these lines showed that the introduction of a 0.9-cM interval flanked by Xcfd53 and DG371 in Nanda2419 resulted in longer spikes and a higher grain weight in the NIL. The availability of markers closely linked to HL1 could facilitate its use in breeding programs.     

甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)AFLP标记的多态性及聚类分析研究

利用 AFLP 技术对30个甜瓜材料进行多态性和聚类分析研究。从120对 MseI 和 PstI 引物中筛选出25对扩增效果好的引物,共扩增出262条多态性带。聚类分析结果新疆甜瓜中的夏甜瓜类型,新疆甜瓜中的冬甜瓜类型、美国粗皮甜瓜类型、日本甜瓜类型、梨瓜类型各聚为一组。上述材料的聚类分析结果与依据生态类型和地理起源的分类结果基本吻合,表明 AFLP 用于甜瓜种内不同材料间的遗传变异性分析是可行的。     

Anomalous flexural behaviors of microtubules

Apparent controversies exist on whether the persistence length of microtubules depends on its contour length. This issue is particularly challenging from a theoretical point of view due to the tubular structure and strongly anisotropic material property of microtubules. Here we adopt a higher order continuum orthotropic thin shell model to study the flexural behavior of microtubules. Our model overcomes some key limitations of a recent study based on a simplified anisotropic shell model and results in a closed-form solution for the contour-length-dependent persistence length of microtubules, with predictions in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. By studying the ratio between their contour and persistence lengths, we find that microtubules with length at ~1.5 μm show the lowest flexural rigidity, whereas those with length at ~15 μm show the highest flexural rigidity. This finding may provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the mechanical structure of mitotic spindles during cell division. Further analysis on the buckling of microtubules indicates that the critical buckling load becomes insensitive to the tube length for relatively short microtubules, in drastic contrast to the classical Euler buckling. These rich flexural behaviors of microtubules are of profound implication for many biological functions and biomimetic molecular devices.     

A tandem segmental duplication (TSD) in green revolution gene Rht-D1b region underlies plant height variation

? Rht-D1c (Rht10) carried by Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum) line Aibian 1 is an allele at the Rht-D1 locus. Among the Rht-1 alleles, little is known about Rht-D1c although it determines an extreme dwarf phenotype in wheat. ? Here, we cloned and functionally characterized Rht-D1c using a combination of Southern blotting, target region sequencing, gene expression analysis and transgenic experiments. ? We found that the Rht-D1c allele was generated through a tandem segmental duplication (TSD) of a >?1?Mb region, resulting in two copies of the Rht-D1b. Two copies of Rht-D1b in the TSD were three-fold more effective in reducing plant height than a single copy, and transformation with a segment containing the tandemly duplicated copy of Rht-D1b resulted in the same level of reduction of plant height as the original copy in Aibian 1. ? Our results suggest that changes in gene copy number are one of the important sources of genetic diversity and some of these changes could be directly associated with important traits in crops.     

高原鼠兔季节性繁殖中的神经内分泌调控Ⅱ．不同光制对生殖恢复期的影响

本项研究将野外捕获的成年雄性高原鼠兔（Ｏｃｈｏｔｏｎａｃｕｒｚｏｎｉａｅ）分３组进行不同光制的饲养,以检验光周期对其神经内分泌─—生殖轴功能的影响：（１）长光照组睾丸及附属性腺的重量和血浆睾酮水平均明显高于自然光组（ｐ＜０．０５）和短光照组（ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）长光照组的松果腺重量（１．５±０．１毫克,ｎ＝１５）和褪黑激素含量（８９．７±５．８微微克／松果腺）,均显著低于其它两组。（３）自然光组和短光照组性腺的显著萌发表明,在高原鼠兔季节性繁殖的年周期中,其神经内分泌─—生殖轴对春分前短光照的抑制作用具有不应期。