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2.
Toshiharu Takahashi Tomoya Murano 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):1922-1930
ABSTRACTRice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) is a disease devastating to rice. We have studied the Arabidopsis-P. oryzae pathosystem as a model system for nonhost resistance (NHR) and found that SOBIR1, but not BAK1, is a positive regulator of NHR to P. oryzae in Arabidopsis. AGB1 is also involved in NHR. However, the genetic interactions between SOBIR1, BAK1, and AGB1 are uncharacterized. In this study, we delineated the genetic interactions between SOBIR1, BAK1, and AGB1 in NHR to P. oryzae in Arabidopsis and found SOBIR1 and AGB1 independently control NHR to P. oryzae in Arabidopsis pen2-1 mutant plants. Furthermore, XLG2, but not TMM, has a positive role in penetration resistance to P. oryzae in Arabidopsis pen2-1 mutant plants. Our study characterized genetic interactions in Arabidopsis NHR.Abbreviations: PRR: pattern recognition receptor, RLK: receptor-like kinase, RLP: receptor-like protein, BAK1: BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1, BIR1: BAK1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1, SOBIR1: SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1-1, AGB1: ARABIDOPSIS G PROTEIN ß-SUBUNIT 1, XLG2: EXTRA-LARGE G PROTEIN 2 相似文献
3.
Summary Tumor cells injected into Balb/c mice together with heat-killed 48-h P. acnes cells were rendered nontumorigenic as early as 12 h after injection, as determined by the inability of the tumor cells to give rise to tumors when transferred to a new host. Determination of tumor cell antigen levels by ELISA indicated that the tumor antigens had virtually disappeared by 24 h after injection of tumor cells and P. acnes. In contrast, in control animals injected with tumor cells only, there was an initial drop in tumor antigen levels at 12 h, after which the level rose steadily and tumors developed in 7–10 days. Since the cellular exudate at 12 h was almost entirely composed of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), we tested the ability of PMN, stimulated by phagocytosis of 48-h P. acnes cells, to produce substances toxic to tumor cells. Results indicated that the supernatant fluid from a phagocytosis mixture of PMN and P. acnes contained material toxic to tumor cells and also to Chinese hamster ovary cells. Tests with scavengers and inhibitors of oxygen-derived radicals suggested that the toxic material is either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or hydroxyl radicals (OH). Suspensions of 12-h P. acnes, P. acnes cells walls, P. freudenrichii, or latex beads were ineffective in preventing tumor growth, and induced little toxicity when phagocytosed. We conclude that in this test system 48-h P. acnes prevents tumor growth by stimulating the production of toxic oxygen metabolites during phagocytosis by PMN. 相似文献
4.
Incoronata Galasso Angela Rosa Piergiovanni Lucia Lioi Bruno Campion Roberto Bollini Francesca Sparvoli 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(4):617-624
A BAC library from common bean has been used in order to isolate the entire multigene Bowman–Birk serine protease inhibitor
family and to study its genome organization. Using a previously isolated trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor nucleotide sequence
as probe, two positive BAC clones were identified. The P2B8 BAC clone, of about 135 kbp and containing the complete BBI family,
was chosen and partially sequenced. Our results confirm that a small multigene family codes for three double-headed inhibitors
named: tc-BBI-1, tc-BBI-2 and et-BBI. They contain the binding loop trypsin/chymotrypsin (tc-BBI-1 and tc-BBI-2) and the elastase/trypsin
one (et-BBI), respectively. Genes coding for tc-BBI-1 and et-BBI, were found to be very close to each other and arranged in
a head to head fashion. Southern blot hybridisation on genomic DNA digested with PstI enzyme suggests that all three genes are present in a fragment of 19 kbp. Northern blot analyses on RNA isolated from various
common bean organs showed that the expression of tc-BBI-1 and et-BBI was restricted to the developing cotyledons.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
5.
Francesco Marchetti Massimo Bergamin Susanna Bosi Riaz Khan Erminio Murano Stefano Norbedo 《Carbohydrate polymers》2009,75(4):670-676
Polysaccharides are widely used as carriers in the field of drug delivery. We present a methodology to obtain water soluble drug-conjugates based on scleroglucan. Selective C-6 halogenation gives access to C-6 esters; conjugates between methotrexate and scleroglucan are described, potentially useful for antitumour therapy or in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. 相似文献
6.
James C. Lo Sanda Ljubicic Barbara Leibiger Matthias Kern Ingo B. Leibiger Tilo Moede Molly E. Kelly Diti Chatterjee Bhowmick Incoronata Murano Paul Cohen Alexander S. Banks Melin J. Khandekar Arne Dietrich Jeffrey S. Flier Saverio Cinti Matthias Blüher Nika N. Danial Per-Olof Berggren Bruce M. Spiegelman 《Cell》2014
7.
Genetic variation inPhaseolus lunatus (Lima bean) was investigated at isozyme and DNA levels. Sixty cultivated accessions, including representatives of the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools and intermediate types, were analyzed for variability at 17 isozyme loci. Some accessions were also examined for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the rDNA level. These data were used to construct two dendrograms showing clear separation in two distinct groups corresponding to each of the gene pools and an intermediate one probably representing a transitional group. 相似文献
8.
Erminio Murano Vladimír Jellúš Alessandro Piras Renato Toffanin 《Journal of applied phycology》1998,10(3):315-322
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has already been successively used to investigate polysaccharide matrices. In particular,
MRI at microscopic resolution (MR microscopy) is now one of the most powerful techniques for studying the physical properties
of natural hydrogels. To contribute to a better understanding of the correlation between chemical and physical properties
of agar gels, we report here the measurement of the water magnetic parameters for agar gels extracted from different species
of Gelidium: T1 and T2 relaxation times, magnetisation transfer (Ms /M0) and diffusion (D) were measured to evaluate their
use for studying the gel characteristics. MR microscopic images were acquired at 7.05 Tesla using various pulse sequences.
The results obtained confirmed the possibility to use quantitative MRI for the characterisation of physical parameters correlated
with the type of agar chemical structure. In particular, T2 data obtained for gels at different concentrations indicate that
this magnetic parameter is very sensitive to the agar concentration and hence particularly useful for the gel strength determination.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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10.
Marzia Fileppi Incoronata Galasso Giovanni Tagliabue Maria Gloria Daminati Bruno Campion Enrico Doria Francesca Sparvoli 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,25(3):453-470
Phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), the major form of phosphorous storage in plant seeds, is an inositol phosphate compound poorly digested by humans and monogastric animals. A major goal for grain crop improvement is the reduction of its content in the seed to improve micronutrient bioavailability and phosphorus utilisation by humans and non-ruminant animals, respectively. We are interested in lowering phytic acid in common bean seed and to this goal we have undertaken a two-strategy approach: the isolation of mutants from an EMS mutagenised population (Campion et al. 2009) and the identification of genes coding for candidate enzymes involved in inositol phosphate metabolism for future targeted mutant isolation and/or study. In this paper we report data referred to the second approach and concerning the isolation and genomic organisation of Phaseolus vulgaris genes coding for myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (PvMIPSs and PvMIPSv), inositol monophosphatase (PvIMP), myo-inositol kinase (PvMIK), inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate kinase (PvIPK2), inositol 1,3,4-triphosphate 5/6-kinase (PvITPKα and PvITPKβ) and inositol 1,3,4,5,6 pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (PvIPK1). All these genes have been mapped on the common bean reference genetic map of McClean (NDSU) 2007 using a virtual mapping strategy. Bean markers, presumably associated to each gene of the phytic acid pathway, have also been identified. In addition, we provide a picture of the expression, during seed development, of the genes involved in phytic acid synthesis, including those such as MIK, IMP and IPK2, for which this information was lacking. 相似文献