Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Presenting With Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare Presentation

A 25-year-old previously asymptomatic pregnant woman at 36 weeks'' gestation was noticed to have repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. A dilated left ventricle with moderately reduced systolic function was found on echocardiographic examination. This is a very rare presentation of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCMP) presenting with repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.     

Kinetics of inhibition of polyphenol oxidase mediated browning in apple juice by beta-cyclodextrin and L-ascorbate-2-triphosphate

Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) mediated browning in raw fruits and vegetables is a major cause of quality deterioration in fruits and vegetables and derived food products. Here the rate of browning reaction in apple juice treated individually and in combination (1:1) of beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and L-Ascorbate-2-triphosphate (L-AATP) is described. It was observed that the rate of quinone formation can be minimized using a combination of beta-CD and L-AATP as compared to individual treatment with these agents. Kinetic experiments revealed that both compounds are non-competitive inhibitors of PPO.     

Effect of neurotensin on pancreatic function in man

The effect of neurotensin on submaximally-stimulated hepatobiliary and pancreatic secretion was studied in 6 healthy subjects. An intravenous infusion of neurotensin 1.4 ± 0.3 pmol/kg/min, designed to reproduce plasma neurotensin immunoreactivity levels within the physiological range, produced a significant increase in pancreatic bicarbonate output. Plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide rose by 83 ± 16 pmol/l and were associated with a small reduction in trypsin, but no significant change in bilirubin outputs.     

Comparsion of staining characteristics of Toto bodies

Toto bodies are eosinophilic structures that resemble the cells of the superficial cell layer of the oral epithelium. Toto bodies commonly are associated with inflammatory gingival and other mucosal lesions including pyogenic granuloma, irritational fibroma, epulis fissuratum, peripheral giant cell granuloma and inflammatory hyperplastic gingivitis. We evaluated staining characteristics of Toto bodies to establish their origin and to identify their significance in lesions. We investigated pyogenic granuloma, fibroma and leukoplakia with epithelium that exhibited Toto bodies after hematoxylin and eosin (staining. Sections were stained with Alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff and Ayoub-Shklar stains to evaluate staining intensity and distribution. More Toto bodies were found in pyogenic granuloma than in fibroma and leukoplakia. PAS and Alcian blue staining exhibited mild intensity and did not establish the origin of Toto bodies. High staining intensity and diffuse distribution of stain was observed using Ayoub-Shklar staining, which indicated that Toto bodies originate from keratin.     

Spatial and temporal aspects and the interplay of Grb14 and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B on the insulin receptor phosphorylation

Background

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 (Grb14) is an adapter protein implicated in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Grb14 knockout studies highlight both the positive and negative roles of Grb14 in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, in a tissue specific manner. Retinal cells are post-mitotic tissue, and insulin receptor (IR) activation is essential for retinal neuron survival. Retinal cells express protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), which dephosphorylates IR and Grb14, a pseudosubstrate inhibitor of IR. This project asks the following major question: in retinal neurons, how does the IR overcome inactivation by PTP1B and Grb14?

Results

Our previous studies suggest that ablation of Grb14 results in decreased IR activation, due to increased PTP1B activity. Our research propounds that phosphorylation in the BPS region of Grb14 inhibits PTP1B activity, thereby promoting IR activation. We propose a model in which phosphorylation of the BPS region of Grb14 is the key element in promoting IR activation, and failure to undergo phosphorylation on Grb14 leads to both PTP1B and Grb14 exerting their negative roles in IR. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found decreased phosphorylation of Grb14 in diabetic type 1 Ins2^Akita mouse retinas. Decreased retinal IR activation has previously been reported in this mouse line.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that phosphorylation status of the BPS region of Grb14 determines the positive or negative role it will play in IR signaling.

     

A recently silenced, duplicate PgiC locus in Clarkia

Previous electrophoretic analysis showed that 17 diploid species of the wildflower Clarkia (Onagraceae) have two cytosolic isozymes of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGIC; EC 5.3.1.9), whereas 15 other diploid species have a single PGIC. Molecular studies revealed that the two isozymes in the former species are encoded by duplicate genes, PgiC1 and PgiC2, whereas the single isozyme in the latter is always encoded by PgiC1. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences implied that PgiC2 was silenced four times independently in the genus. Here we describe a psi PgiC2 from C. mildrediae, a species in which only PgiC1 is expressed. The discovery of the psi PgiC2 is significant because it confirms a formal prediction of the phylogenetic analysis. The psi PgiC2 includes 5,039 nucleotides corresponding to 18 of the 23 exons of PgiC, as well as the intervening introns and 3' nontranslated region. The absence of an increase of nucleotide substitutions in its "exons" suggests that the gene was silenced recently. The present study appears to be the first to establish that a specific duplicate gene locus regularly expressed in a group of related plant species has been silenced in one of them. The multiple independent silencings of PgiC2 suggest that it remained functional but inessential in ancestral lineages. We discuss the possibility that PgiC2 may have been preserved in these lineages by selection against mutants causing defective PGIC1- PGIC2 heterodimers.      

Analysis of AGE modified proteins and RAGE expression in HER2/neu negative invasive ductal carcinoma

Cancer is associated with increased glycolysis and carbonyl stress. In view of this, AGE modified proteins were identified from clinical breast cancer tissue using 2DE-immunoblot and mass-spectrometry. These proteins were identified to be serotransferrin, fibrinogen gamma chain, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, annexin II, prohibitin and peroxiredoxin 6, which have established role in cancer. Further, RAGE expression and its downstream signaling proteins NADPH oxidase and NF-kB were studied. Role of these AGE modified proteins and RAGE signaling in breast cancer is discussed.     

Chemoproteomics reveals Toll-like receptor fatty acylation

Background

Palmitoylation is a 16-carbon lipid post-translational modification that increases protein hydrophobicity. This form of protein fatty acylation is emerging as a critical regulatory modification for multiple aspects of cellular interactions and signaling. Despite recent advances in the development of chemical tools for the rapid identification and visualization of palmitoylated proteins, the palmitoyl proteome has not been fully defined. Here we sought to identify and compare the palmitoylated proteins in murine fibroblasts and dendritic cells.

Results

A total of 563 putative palmitoylation substrates were identified, more than 200 of which have not been previously suggested to be palmitoylated in past proteomic studies. Here we validate the palmitoylation of several new proteins including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 5 and 10, CD80, CD86, and NEDD4. Palmitoylation of TLR2, which was uniquely identified in dendritic cells, was mapped to a transmembrane domain-proximal cysteine. Inhibition of TLR2 S-palmitoylation pharmacologically or by cysteine mutagenesis led to decreased cell surface expression and a decreased inflammatory response to microbial ligands.

Conclusions

This work identifies many fatty acylated proteins involved in fundamental cellular processes as well as cell type-specific functions, highlighting the value of examining the palmitoyl proteomes of multiple cell types. S-palmitoylation of TLR2 is a previously unknown immunoregulatory mechanism that represents an entirely novel avenue for modulation of TLR2 inflammatory activity.

     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-Amylase inhibitor-1 gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis> expressed in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis>plants inhibits α-amylases from the coffee berry borer pest

Background  

Coffee is an important crop and is crucial to the economy of many developing countries, generating around US70 billion per year. There are 115 species in the < i > Coffea < /i > genus, but only two, < i > C. arabica < /i > and < i > C. canephora < /i > , are commercially cultivated. Coffee plants are attacked by many pathogens and insect-pests, which affect not only the production of coffee but also its grain quality, reducing the commercial value of the product. The main insect-pest, the coffee berry borer ( < i > Hypotheneumus hampei < /i > ), is responsible for worldwide annual losses of around US70 billion per year. There are 115 species in the Coffea genus, but only two, C. arabica and C. canephora, are commercially cultivated. Coffee plants are attacked by many pathogens and insect-pests, which affect not only the production of coffee but also its grain quality, reducing the commercial value of the product. The main insect-pest, the coffee berry borer (Hypotheneumus hampei), is responsible for worldwide annual losses of around US500 million. The coffee berry borer exclusively damages the coffee berries, and it is mainly controlled by organochlorine insecticides that are both toxic and carcinogenic. Unfortunately, natural resistance in the genus Coffea to H. hampei has not been documented. To overcome these problems, biotechnological strategies can be used to introduce an α-amylase inhibitor gene (α-AI1), which confers resistance against the coffee berry borer insect-pest, into C. arabica plants.     

A new approach in wetland systems for domestic wastewater treatment using Phragmites sp.

The conventional wetland system using Phragmites sp. is in existence since 20 years. The constructed wetland system has not gained much popularity due to large land area requirement, clogging of beds and need for capital investment. The aim of the study is to develop a new approach to the horizontal flow wetlands system (termed bio-rack) for treatment of domestic wastewater. The new system dealt with an engineered attached growth matrix and a high microbial degradation rate. The study on bio-rack was undertaken in a horizontal flow pilot plant using Phragmites sp. and experiments were carried out for various parameters. Analytical data were collected during the studies which include temperature, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorides, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), phosphate (PO₄-P) and most probable number (MPN). This paper also studies microbial flora present in the system by isolating and identifying the microorganisms, and also measuring total viable count (TVC). Morphological aspects with reference to the growth of plant were studied and it indicated high plant yield. At optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h, approximately 75.15% COD, 86.59% BOD₅, 27.54% TDS, 73.13% TSS, 8.86% Chlorides, 70.22% NH₃-N, 31.71% PO₄-P and 92.11% MPN reduction was achieved in bio-rack system. A comparative evaluation was done with the conventional wetland system and better treatment efficiency was observed in the bio-rack system. This result indicates a possibility of development of a substantially effective system compared to any other methods on constructed wetland.