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Liakos Panagiotis; Bourmeyster Nicolas; Defaye Genevieve; Chambaz Edmond M.; Bottari Serge P. 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》1997,273(4):C1324
Angiotensin II(ANG II) has long been known for its pressor and growth-promotingeffects, which are both mediated by theAT1 receptor. By contrast, theAT2 receptor has recently beenreported to mediate inhibition of proliferation through as yetundefined mechanisms. We report here that in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells ANG II by itself does not affect growth but inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced DNA synthesis and blocks thecells in G1 phase. Consistent withthis, ANG II inhibits cyclin D1 expression and cyclinD1-associated kinase activity. Theantimitogenic effect of ANG II is partly mimicked by theAT2-selective agonist CGP-42112.It is also blocked partly and in an additive fashion by theAT1- andAT2-selective antagonists losartanand PD-123319, indicating the contribution of both receptor subtypes tothis response. AT1-dependentantiproliferation is selectively blocked by the cyclooxygenaseinhibitor indomethacin and restored by prostaglandin E2, whereasAT2-receptor-mediated inhibitionof growth is suppressed by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitorsorthovanadate and bpV(pic). Both pathways are, however,pertussis toxin sensitive. We hypothesize that, in fasciculatacells, the AT1 receptor inhibitsbFGF-induced proliferation by stimulating prostaglandin synthesis,whereas the AT2 receptor mediatesits effect through a pathway that requires protein tyrosine phosphataseactivation. 相似文献
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Benefits to plants in facultative ant protection mutualisms are highly variable. This allows examination of the sources of this variation and the mechanisms by which ants protect plants. We studied opportunistic interactions between ants and an extrafloral nectary-bearing vine, Dioscorea praehensilis, during 3 different years. Variation in plant protection among years was striking. Several factors affected the effectiveness of the biotic defence. Stems recently emerged from the underground tuber were self-supporting, contacting no other plants and encountering few foraging ants. Stems then became lianescent, and contact with supporting plants greatly increased ant recruitment. Both species and number of ant workers influenced the effect of ants on the major herbivore, the chrysomelid beetle Lilioceris latipennis. Protective actions included limitation of oviposition (reduction in the number of eggs laid on the plant) and predation, leading to increased larval mortality. The probability of successful predation was strongly dependent on larval size. If temporarily low ant-patrolling activity allows larvae to grow beyond a critical size, their mechanical (thick integument) or chemical (plant-derived compounds in a fecal shield) defences become more effective against ants. Secondary metabolites derived from the host plant thus appear to be important for the anti-predator mechanisms of this beetle, being necessary for its survival and reproduction on a host plant that actively recruits ants as a biotic defence against herbivores. 相似文献
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Edmond Y. Lau Sergio E. Wong Sarah E. Baker Jane P. Bearinger Lucas Koziol Carlos A. Valdez Joseph H. Satcher Jr Roger D. Aines Felice C. Lightstone 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
In nature, the zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) efficiently catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate under physiological conditions. Many research efforts have been directed towards the development of small molecule mimetics that can facilitate this process and thus have a beneficial environmental impact, but these efforts have met very limited success. Herein, we undertook quantum mechanical calculations of four mimetics, 1,5,9-triazacyclododedacane, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododedacane, tris(4,5-dimethyl-2-imidazolyl)phosphine, and tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine, in their complexed form either with the Zn2+ or the Co2+ ion and studied their reaction coordinate for CO2 hydration. These calculations demonstrated that the ability of the complex to maintain a tetrahedral geometry and bind bicarbonate in a unidentate manner were vital for the hydration reaction to proceed favorably. Furthermore, these calculations show that the catalytic activity of the examined zinc complexes was insensitive to coordination states for zinc, while coordination states above four were found to have an unfavorable effect on product release for the cobalt counterparts. 相似文献