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1.
Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) received foliar applications of 10–4 M gibberellic acid (GA3) and Kinetin (KN) individually and in combination at one or more of three growth stages: flag leaf appearance (I), ear emergence (II), and the first stage of senescence initiation in the flag leaf (III). Both plant growth regulators (PGR) hastened onset of senescence when sprayed at Stage I and/or Stage II. Treatment at Stage III, either alone or in combination with treatments at the other stages, tended to postpone senescence. Yield components also showed stage-dependent response: Stage I treatment increased the formation of total and bearing tillers, and Stage III treatment improved grain number and weight. However, while GA3 proved more effective than KN, the two together acted antagonistically. 相似文献
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Manju Shri Arti Rai Pankaj Kumar Verma Prashant Misra Sonali Dubey Smita Kumar Sikha Verma Neelam Gautam Rudra Deo Tripathi Prabodh Kumar Trivedi Debasis Chakrabarty 《Protoplasma》2013,250(2):631-636
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of indica rice varieties has been quite difficult as these are recalcitrant to in vitro responses. In the present study, we established a high-efficiency Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system of rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) cv. IR-64, Lalat, and IET-4786. Agrobacterium strain EHA-101 harboring binary vector pIG121-Hm, containing a gene encoding for β-glucuronidase (GUS) and hygromycin resistance, was used in the transformation experiments. Manipulation of different concentrations of acetosyringone, days of co-culture period, bacterial suspension of different optical densities (ODs), and the concentrations of l-cysteine in liquid followed by solid co-culture medium was done for establishing the protocol. Among the different co-culture periods, 5 days of co-culture with bacterial cells (OD600 nm?=?0.5–0.8) promoted the highest frequency of transformation (83.04 %) in medium containing l-cysteine (400 mg l?1). Putative transformed plants were analyzed for the presence of a transgene through genomic PCR and GUS histochemical analyses. Our results also suggest that different cultural conditions and the addition of l-cysteine in the co-culture medium improve the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequencies from an average of 12.82 % to 33.33 % in different indica rice cultivars. 相似文献
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Melissa Latigo Mugambi Sarang Deo Adeodata Kekitiinwa Charles Kiyaga Mendel E. Singer 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Background
There is scant evidence on the association between diagnosis delays and the receipt of test results in HIV Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) programs. We determine the association between diagnosis delays and other health care system and patient factors on result receipt.Methods
We reviewed 703 infant HIV test records for tests performed between January 2008 and February 2009 at a regional referral hospital and level four health center in Uganda. The main outcome was caregiver receipt of the test result. The primary study variable was turnaround time (time between sample collection and result availability at the health facility). Additional variables included clinic entry point, infant age at sample collection, reported HIV status and receipt of antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. We conducted a pooled analysis in addition to separate analyses for each facility. We estimated the relative risk of result receipt using modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors.Results
Overall, the median result turnaround time, was 38 days. 59% of caregivers received infant test results. Caregivers were less likely to receive results at turnaround times greater than 49 days compared to 28 days or fewer (ARR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70–0.98). Caregivers were more likely to receive results at the PMTCT clinic (ARR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.40–2.33) and less likely at the pediatric ward (ARR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.37–0.81) compared to the immunization clinic. At the level four health center, result receipt was half as likely among infants older than 9 months compared to 3 months and younger (ARR= 0.47; 95% CI = 0.25–0.93).Conclusion
In this study setting, we find evidence that longer turnaround times, clinic entry point and age at sample collection may be associated with receipt of infant HIV test results. 相似文献5.
Edis Dzananovic Trushar R. Patel Soumya Deo Kevin McEleney J?rg Stetefeld Sean A. McKenna 《RNA (New York, N.Y.)》2013,19(3):333-344
In humans, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR) is expressed in late stages of the innate immune response to viral infection by the interferon pathway. PKR consists of tandem dsRNA binding motifs (dsRBMs) connected via a flexible linker to a Ser/Thr kinase domain. Upon interaction with viral dsRNA, PKR is converted into a catalytically active enzyme capable of phosphorylating a number of target proteins that often results in host cell translational repression. A number of high-resolution structural studies involving individual dsRBMs from proteins other than PKR have highlighted the key features required for interaction with perfectly duplexed RNA substrates. However, viral dsRNA molecules are highly structured and often contain deviations from perfect A-form RNA helices. By use of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we present solution conformations of the tandem dsRBMs of PKR in complex with two imperfectly base-paired viral dsRNA stem–loops; HIV-1 TAR and adenovirus VAI-AS. Both individual components and complexes were purified by size exclusion chromatography and characterized by dynamic light scattering at multiple concentrations to ensure monodispersity. SAXS ab initio solution conformations of the individual components and RNA–protein complexes were determined and highlight the potential of PKR to interact with both stem and loop regions of the RNA. Excellent agreement between experimental and model-based hydrodynamic parameter determination heightens our confidence in the obtained models. Taken together, these data support and provide a framework for the existing biochemical data regarding the tolerance of imperfectly base-paired viral dsRNA by PKR. 相似文献
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Leisher Craig Robinson Nathaniel Brown Matthew Kujirakwinja Deo Schmitz Mauricio Castro Wieland Michelle Wilkie David 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2022,31(4):1329-1343
Biodiversity and Conservation - Sub-Saharan Africa receives large investments in biodiversity conservation, and if these investments can be concentrated on the highest threats to biodiversity, the... 相似文献
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Golden bananas in the field: elevated fruit pro‐vitamin A from the expression of a single banana transgene 下载免费PDF全文
Jean‐Yves Paul Harjeet Khanna Jennifer Kleidon Phuong Hoang Jason Geijskes Jeff Daniells Ella Zaplin Yvonne Rosenberg Anthony James Bulukani Mlalazi Pradeep Deo Geofrey Arinaitwe Priver Namanya Douglas Becker James Tindamanyire Wilberforce Tushemereirwe Robert Harding James Dale 《Plant biotechnology journal》2017,15(4):520-532
Vitamin A deficiency remains one of the world's major public health problems despite food fortification and supplements strategies. Biofortification of staple crops with enhanced levels of pro‐vitamin A (PVA) offers a sustainable alternative strategy to both food fortification and supplementation. As a proof of concept, PVA‐biofortified transgenic Cavendish bananas were generated and field trialed in Australia with the aim of achieving a target level of 20 μg/g of dry weight (dw) β‐carotene equivalent (β‐CE) in the fruit. Expression of a Fe'i banana‐derived phytoene synthase 2a (MtPsy2a) gene resulted in the generation of lines with PVA levels exceeding the target level with one line reaching 55 μg/g dw β‐CE . Expression of the maize phytoene synthase 1 (ZmPsy1) gene, used to develop ‘Golden Rice 2’, also resulted in increased fruit PVA levels although many lines displayed undesirable phenotypes. Constitutive expression of either transgene with the maize polyubiquitin promoter increased PVA accumulation from the earliest stage of fruit development. In contrast, PVA accumulation was restricted to the late stages of fruit development when either the banana 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase or the expansin 1 promoters were used to drive the same transgenes. Wild‐type plants with the longest fruit development time had also the highest fruit PVA concentrations. The results from this study suggest that early activation of the rate‐limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and extended fruit maturation time are essential factors to achieve optimal PVA concentrations in banana fruit. 相似文献
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Rahul C Deo Gabriel Musso Murat Tasan Paul Tang Annie Poon Christiana Yuan Janine F Felix Ramachandran S Vasan Rameen Beroukhim Teresa De Marco Pui-Yan Kwok Calum A MacRae Frederick P Roth 《Genome biology》2014,15(12)