Mapping soybean aphid resistance genes in PI 567598B

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has been a major pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America since it was first reported in 2000. Our previous study revealed that the strong aphid resistance of plant introduction (PI) 567598B was controlled by two recessive genes. The objective of this study was to locate these two genes on the soybean genetic linkage map using molecular markers. A mapping population of 282 F_4:5 lines derived from IA2070 × E06902 was evaluated for aphid resistance in a field trial in 2009 and a greenhouse trial in 2010. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified using the composite and multiple interval mapping methods, and were mapped on chromosomes 7 (linkage group M) and 16 (linkage group J), respectively. E06902, a parent derived from PI 567598B, conferred resistance at both loci. In the 2010 greenhouse trial, each of the two QTLs explained over 30 % of the phenotypic variation. Significant epistatic interaction was also found between these two QTLs. However, in the 2009 field trial, only the QTL on chromosome 16 was found and it explained 56.1 % of the phenotypic variation. These two QTLs and their interaction were confirmed with another population consisting of 94 F_2:5 lines in the 2008 and 2009 greenhouse trials. For both trials in the alternative population, these two loci explained about 50 and 80.4 % of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Our study shows that soybean aphid isolate used in the 2009 field trial defeated the QTL found on chromosome 7. Presence of the QTL on chromosome 16 conferred soybean aphid resistance in all trials. The markers linked to the aphid-resistant QTLs in PI 567598B or its derived lines can be used in marker-assisted breeding for aphid resistance.     

应用基因敲除快速构建大肠杆菌突变体改造脂肪酸代谢途径

【目的】基因敲除技术是研究基因功能的重要手段。我们试图建立一种快速、高效的大肠杆菌基因敲除方法。【方法】利用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BW25113单基因缺失体Keio文库,将经典的Red同源重组技术与P1噬菌体转导技术相结合,对E.coli MG1655脂肪酸代谢基因进行快速敲除。【结果】获得了大肠杆菌β-氧化途径的缺失菌株△fadD、△fadE和△fadD-△fadE;脂肪酸合成途径缺失菌株△fabH、△fabF和△fabH-△fabF。敲除fadD和fadE对生长情况没有影响;敲除fabH后,生长速度明显减慢;敲除fabF对生长几乎没有影响。FadD、FadE及双敲缺失体的脂肪酸含量18.2 mg/L、20.0mg/L和19.2 mg/L,略高于野生型17.5 mg/L;FabH、FabF及双敲缺失体的含量分别为12.6 mg/L、15.2 mg/L和11.2 mg/L,明显低于野生型。【结论】在单基因突变体文库基础上,利用P1噬菌体转导、Red同源重组和抗性基因消除进行基因敲除,简化了构建大肠杆菌单基因和多重突变体的方法。     

Mapping and validation of a gene for soybean aphid resistance in PI 567537

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is a major pest on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America. Aphid resistance has been found on plant introduction (PI) 567537, but its genetic characterization is unknown. The objectives of this study were to identify the resistance genes in PI 567537 using molecular markers and validate them in a different genetic background. A mapping population of 86 F4 lines from a cross between PI 567537 and a susceptible parent E00003 was investigated for aphid resistance in both greenhouse and field trials. A genomic region associated with the aphid resistance in PI 567537 was revealed on chromosome 16 (linkage group J) with molecular markers. This locus was coincidently located in the same region as Rag3 and explained most of the phenotypic variation, ranging from 87.4 % in the greenhouse trial to 78.9 % in the field trial. This resistance gene was further confirmed in an F2 population derived from a cross of PI 567537 × Skylla. The segregation of the F2 population indicated that the aphid resistance in PI 567537 was most likely controlled by a single dominant gene, which was the one we mapped in the F4-derived population. This gene was designated Rag3b since it is located in the same region as Rag3. The mapping of the aphid resistance gene in PI 567537 could be useful in marker-assisted selection when employing PI 567537 as an aphid resistance source.     

Observation on Flower Bud Differentiation of Crape Myrtle in Red Soil Environment

Flower bud differentiation is a key component of plant blooming biology and understanding how it works is vital for flowering regulation and plant genetic breeding, increasing the number and quality of flowering. Red soil is the most widely covered soil type in the world, and it is also the most suitable soil type for crape myrtle planting. The flower buds of crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) planted in red soil were employed as experimental materials in this study, and the distinct periods of differentiation were identified using stereomicroscopy and paraffin sectioning. We optimized the steps of dehydration, transparency, embedding, sectioning and staining when employing paraffin sections. When seen under a microscope, this optimization can make the cell structure of paraffin sections obvious, the tissue structure complete, and the staining clear and natural. The flower bud differentiation process is divided into 7 periods based on anatomical observations of the external morphology and internal structure during flower bud differentiation: undifferentiated period, start of differentiation period, inflorescence differentiation period, calyx differentiation period, petal differentiation period, stamen differentiation period, and pistil differentiation period. The differentiation time is concentrated from the end of May to mid-June. Crape myrtle flower bud differentiation is a complicated process, and the specific regulatory mechanism and affecting elements need to be investigated further.     

我国生物多样性保护与减贫协同发展模式探索

生物多样性和贫困是全球关注的热点论题,生物多样性保护与减贫是关乎我国可持续发展、人民生活水平提高和2020年能否全面实现小康社会的重要问题。近年来,生态环境保护特别是生物多样性保护与贫困地区区域整体协调发展越来越受到社会各界的关注。本文对我国生物多样性保护与减贫的积极和消极影响关系进行了梳理和分析,采用态势分析法对我国现行的生物多样性保护与减贫的宏观政策在未来二者协同发展过程中的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行了深入探讨。并在此基础上对以生物多样性可持续利用为核心的保护与减贫协调发展的途径进行了探索,提出了促进二者协同发展的生态移民、绿色资本带动、生态旅游、绿色考评等模式,以期对我国推进生物多样性保护与减贫协同发展提供借鉴。     

奶牛结核病诊断方法的比较研究

旨在比较目前实验室用于检测牛结核方法及PPD皮内变态反应检测牛结核的敏感性和特异性.对145头进行了PPD结核菌素实验的牛进行了IFN-γ体外释放试验,ELISA方法检测ESAT-6,CFP-10,MPB70,MPB83四个蛋白的抗体,胶体金检测两种相似蛋白MPB70和MPB83.结果表明,IFN-γ体外释放试验的敏感性和特异性最高,与PPD皮内变态反应有较高的符合性.在抗体检测方面,iELISA的敏感性高于胶体金方法.虽然抗体检测(iELISA和胶体金方法)比细胞介导的免疫方法(IFN-γ和PPD)敏感性要低,前者更适合于检测处于结核病程发展后期的样本,并且可以有效降低假阳性反应.     

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)基因芯片的研究

探讨将基因芯片与限制性显示技术相结合对HPV进行基因检测和分型的方法。分离HPV6,11,16和18型的基因片段作为探针,纯化后应用PixSys 5500点样仪将其打印在氨基包被的玻片上制作HPV基因芯片,对HPV样品进行荧光标记后与芯片杂交,经清洗和干燥后对芯片进行扫描和结果分析。对HPV基因检测芯片的制作与检测的实验条件进行了初步研究,并对应用HPV基因芯片进行分型做了初步探讨。建立的检测芯片实验方法可行,并且显示了在HPV分型中的应用前景。